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Genealogy of Adam to Joseph

Genealogy of Adam to

Joseph

I think most people will probably skip over the Genealogy of Adam and not pay much attention to it. I on the other hand, about a year ago(2013) thought it would be interesting to follow this genealogy. At the time, my purpose was to put a date on the flood of Noah’s time. Since then, during my growing process of weaning myself off the milk and getting to the real meat of things:

1Co 3:2 I have fed you with milk and not with solid food, for you were not yet able to bear it; nor are you able even now.

Heb 5:12 For indeed because of the time, you ought to be teachers, you have need that one teach you again what are the first principles of the oracles of God. And you have become in need of milk, and not of solid food.

Heb 5:13 For everyone partaking of milk is unskillful in the Word of Righteousness, for he is an infant.

Heb 5:14 But solid food belongs to those who are of full age, even those who because of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

1Pe 2:2 desire the sincere milk of the Word, as newborn babes, so that you may grow by it;

I have come to learn why God was so specific in the dates and the names of the descendants of Seth. Up until the time of Noah, there is one pure blood line that will eventually lead to the promised seed of our Lord Jesus Christ. This is very important according to the purpose of God. We must look at it this way: God is holy, Therefore, in order for Jesus Christ to be Holy and without sin, there must be no deviation in the bloodline leading up to the Birth of Jesus. We see in this genealogical map that the seed of Adam is handed down from generation to generation. The following are my calculations, according to scripture, of the Genealogy from Adam to the flood. With the exception of Adam I use the abbreviation A.C. to stand for after creation, so as to help me in counting the years to Noah. It is through the seed of Jesus Christ only, that I will record the Genealogy of man in these writings. Cain and his descendants, as well as Shems brothers (Japheth and Ham) will not be recorded here. You can find the descendants of Ham, and Japheth in my genealogy chart of Noah to Jesus. And Cains descendants are recorded in my Genesis file.

Adam was born 0000 BTF (before the flood)

Genesis. 5:5 And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years. And he died. Adam died in 0930 Ac, hence he lived 930 years. Gen 5:3 And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years and fathered a son in his own likeness, after his own image. And he called his name Seth. Gen 5:8 And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years. And he died. Seth was born in 0130 AC, he lived 912 years and died in the year 1042 AC. Gen 5:6 And Seth lived one hundred and five years and fathered Enos. Gen 5:11 And all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years. And he died. Enosh was born in 0235 AC, he lived 905 years and died in 1140 AC. Gen 5:9 And Enosh lived ninety years and fathered Cainan. Gen 5:14 And all the days of Cainan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died. Cainan was born in 0325 AC, he lived 910 years and died in 1235 AC Gen 5:12 And Cainan lived seventy years and fathered Mahalaleel. Gen 5:17 And all the days of Mahalaleel were eight hundred and ninety-five years. And he died. Mahalalel was born in 0395 AC, he lived 895 years and died in 1290 AC. Gen 5:15 And Mahalaleel lived sixty-five years and fathered Jared. Gen 5:20 And all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years. And he died. Jared was born in 0460 AC, he lived 962 years and died in 1422 AC. Gen 5:18 And Jared lived one hundred and sixty-two years and fathered Enoch. Gen 5:23 And all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years. Enoch was born in 622 AC, he lived 365 years and died in 987 AC. Gen 5:21 And Enoch lived sixty-five years and fathered Methuselah. Gen 5:27 And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years. And he died. Methuselah was born in 687 AC, he lived 969 years and died in 1656 (the year of the flood), This would obviously mean that Methuselah knew of the coming flood and watched Noah build the ark, maybe even lent a hand as best6 he could. He also could have been a witness to the people of the land. According to god’s laws : It takes two witness’s to condemn someone to death, and God is not above His own laws. The law of God did not all the sudden come to being at the time of Moses, but it has always been and will forever be, In my opinion God had to wait until Methuselah’s death so as to spare him from the coming flood. Why did God not allow Methuselah to live thru the flood? Yet have him witness the beginning of the end? This is just a thought that came to mind when reading this verse. Gen 5:25 And Methuselah lived one hundred and eighty-seven years and fathered Lamech. Gen 5:31 And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years. And he died. Lamech was born in 0874 AC, he lived 777 years old and died in 1651 AC. Just as his father Methuselah, Lamech knew of the flood, and the beginning of the end. therefore he to could have helped Noah build the ark and also be another witness to the people of the coming doom due to their wickedness. Also another note about Lamech. He lived 777 years. The number 7 is a sign of perfection in the eyes of the Lord. Does this mean that Lamech lived a perfect life? Again another thought to ponder on. Gen 5:28 And Lamech lived one hundred and eighty-two years and fathered a son. Gen 5:29 And he called his name Noah, saying, This one shall comfort us concerning our work and the toil of our hands, because of the ground which Jehovah has cursed. Gen 9:29 And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years. And he died. Noah was born in 1056 AC, he lived 950 years and died in 2006 AC. Gen 5:32 And Noah was five hundred years old. And Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Gen 11:11. And after he fathered Arpachshad, Shem lived five hundred years. And he fathered sons and daughters. Shem, was born in 1556 AC, he lived 500 years and died in 2056 AC. Gen 11:10. These are the generations of Shem. Shem was a hundred years old and fathered Arpachshad two years after the flood. Gen 11:12. Arphaxad lived thirty five years, and begot Salah. Gen 11:13. And after he fathered Salah, Arpachshad lived four hundred and three years. And he fathered sons and daughters. Arphaxad was born in 1658 AC two years after the flood. He lived 438 years and died in 2096 AC. Gen 11:12. Arphaxad lived thirty five years, and begot Salah. Gen 11:14. And Salah lived thirty years and fathered Eber. Gen 11:15. After he begot Eber, Salah lived four hundred and three years, and begot sons and daughters. Salah was born in 1693 AC. Salah lived 433 years and died in 2126 AC. Gen 11:14. Salah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. Gen 11:16. And Eber lived thirty-four years and fathered Peleg. Gen 11:17. After he begot Peleg, Eber lived four hundred and thirty years, and begot sons and daughters. Eber was born in 1723 AC. Eber lived 464 years and died in 2187 AC. Gen 11:16. Eber lived thirty four years, and begot Peleg. Gen 11:18. Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. Gen 11:19. After he begot Reu, Peleg lived two hundred and nine years, and begot sons and daughters. Peleg was born in 1757 AC. Peleg lived 239 years and died in 2026 AC. Gen 11:18. Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. Gen 11:20. Reu lived thirty two years, and begot Serug. Gen 11:21. After he begot Serug, Reu lived two hundred and seven years, and begot sons and daughters. Reu was born in 1787 AC. Reu lived 239 years and died in 2026 AC. Gen 11:20. Reu lived thirty two years, and begot Serug. Gen 11:22. Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. Gen 11:23. After he begot Nahor, Serug lived two hundred years, and begot sons and daughters. Serug was born in 1819 AC. Serug lived 230 years and died in 2049 AC. Gen: 11:22. Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. Gen 11:24. Nahor lived twenty nine years, and begot Terah. Gen 11:25. After he begot Terah, Nahor lived one hundred and nineteen years, and begot sons and daughters. Nahor was born in 1849 AC. Nahor lived 148 years and died in 1997 AC. Gen 11:24. Nahor lived twenty nine years, and begot Terah. Gen 11:26 And Terah lived seventy years and fathered Abram, Nahor and Haran. Gen 11:32 And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years. And Terah died in Haran. Terah was born in 1878 AC. Terah lived 205 years and died in2083 AC. Gen 11:26 And Terah lived seventy years and fathered Abram, Nahor and Haran. Gen 25:7 And these are the days of the years of Abraham’s life, which he lived: a hundred seventy-five years. Abraham was born in 1948 AC. He lived 175 years and died in 2123 AC. Jacob and his brother Esau were 15 years old when Abraham died. And Isaac was 75 years old. Gen 25:26 And after that his brother came out, and his hand took hold on Esau’s heel. And his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them.27:36: Hos. 12:3; Mal.1:2,3) Gen 17:17. Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? Gen 23:1. And Sarah was a hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah. Sarah was born in the 1958 AC. She lived 127 years and died in 2085 AC. Sarah is the only woman in the bible where it is recorded when she was born and when she died. She was that special to God. To list her amongst the seed of His creation, along with all the men whose seed can be traced all the way down to Jesus Christ. Sarah was a very special and blessed woman. Gen 21:5 Now Abraham was one hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him. 12:4; 17:1, 17 Gen 35:28 Now the days of Isaac were one hundred and eighty years. Isaac was born in 2048 AC. He lived 180 years and died in 2228 AC. Both Esau and Jacob were 120 years of age at the death of their father Isaac. Gen 25:26 And after that his brother came out, and his hand took hold on Esau’s heel. And his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them. 27:36: Hos. 12:3; Mal.1:2,3 Gen 47:28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. So the length of Jacobs life was one hundred and forty seven years. Vs. 8, 9 Jacob was born in 2108 AC (Gen. 25:26), He lived 147 years and died in 2255 AC. Jacob entered into Egypt when he was 130 years old: (Gen 47:9), And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before the Pharaoh and interpreted his dreams And stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Gen 41:46 And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from before Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. The seven years of plenty have passed and now there has been two years of famine when Joseph reveals himself to his brothers and calls his father Jacob to Egypt. This would put Joseph at thirty nine years of age Gen 45:6 For these two years hath the famine been in the land, and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest. Gen 45:7 And God sent me before you to preserve for you a remnant in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. Gen 45:8 And now you did not send me here, but God. And He has made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler over all the land of Egypt. Gen 45:9 Hurry and go up to my father and say to him, So says your son Joseph, God has made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me, do not wait. Jacob was born in the year 2108 Ac, which means he arrived in Egypt in the year 2238 AC. Gen 47:9 And Jacob said to Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and I have not attained to the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. Since Joseph was thirty nine When Jacob entered Egypt this would mean that Joseph was born in the year 2199 when Jacob was ninety one years of age. In Gen. 38:1 we are told, “at that time” (meaning at the time Joseph was sold into slavery), Judah went into Adullam and met a Canaanite woman whose father was a friend of Judah named Shuah and he married her. Judah had three sons with this woman; Er, Onan, and Shelah. In my opinion this would mean that Er was born at the time Joseph was 17 years of age, maybe 18 (meaning Er was born in the year 2216 or 2218), as far as the genealogy of Judah goes, when it comes to the prophesied seed in which all nations of the earth will be blessed, These three sons of this woman will have no part in that. For God killed the first born Er because of his wicked ways (Gen. 38:7), Then Judah’s second son Onan would not fulfill God’s law when it came to given his seed to the wife of Er. He spilled it on the ground and God slew him (Gen. 38: 9, 10). Another side note here. We see in this that the laws of God were well in effect way before the Hebrews were reminded of them on Mt. Sinai. Now Er’s wife, Tamar, was childless, and according to the law of God, Judah’s last son was the only one left and so it was up to Shelah (Judah s last son), to conceive a child with Tamar so that she could carry on the family name and pass down the land blessings to the child. But Shelah was too young at the time so Judah told her to wait at her own fathers house until he was of age. But Judah forgot about her, and years have gone by now and Judah’s wife (whose name is never given in the bible), the daughter of his friend Shuah dies. Now Tammar has been waiting for years to no avail. So she heard that Judah was going to be in a certain town, and so she sets up herself to be a harlot to trick Judah into sleeping with her, and he does, so she ends up having twins; Zarah and Pharez. It is thru Pharez that his seed will be the one God has chosen to pass down to the promised seed in which all nations of the earth will be blessed. And so it is thru these events in which I must determine the date of Pharez’s birth so as to keep my genealogy tree going to Jesus Christ. When Tamar reveals to Judah that it was he who she played the harlot with, He acknowledges that she was more righteous than him because he had forgotten to give her his youngest son to her (According to the law of God), This timeline listing of the genealogy from Adam to Joseph follows the seed of Adam to eventually Jesus Christ our Lord. However in order to follow this timeline when it comes to Judah we have to first determine the birth of Joseph because there is more information on his age at different times of his life as opposed to Judah. This is why I included Joseph, and put him before Judah. As I reason this out, you (the reader) will see the importance of why I did it this way. Now let me turn my attention to Judah whom through his seed, all nations of the earth would be blessed, and his son Perez (also known as Pharez), since I have already proven that Joseph was born in the year 2199, I can now show how I came to the determination of Judah’s birth. We must go back to When Jacob was in Syria, and the statements he makes in Genesis chapter thirty: Joseph is born And Jacob goes to Laban the Syrian and says the following: “Give me my wives and my children, for whom I have served you, and let me go. For you know my service which I have done you.(Gen.30:6), Meaning that he has fulfilled his fourteen years of service to Laban the Syrian. Seven years Jacob served Laban the Syrian so as to marry his daughter Rachel (The wife he loved the most), only to be deceived by his father in law and having to marry Leah first. Then he had to serve Laban the Syrian another seven years for his daughter Rachel, But Jacob didn’t have to wait seven years to marry Rachel, only a week according to most scholars, and even the church I attend ascribes to this theory. So according to Genesis chapter 30:6 Jacob married both Leah and Rachel the first seven years of service to Laban the Syrian. Gen 29:20 And Jacob served seven years for Rachel, and they seemed to him a few days, for the love he had for her. Gen 29:21 And Jacob said to Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, so that I may go in to her. Gen 29:22 And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. Gen 29:23 And it happened in the evening, he took his daughter Leah and brought her to him. And he went in to her. Gen 29:24 And Laban gave Zilpah his slave woman to his daughter Leah for a handmaid. Gen 29:25 And it happened in the morning, behold, it was Leah! And he said to Laban, What is this you have done to me? Did I not serve with you for Rachel? Why then have you tricked me? Gen 29:26 And Laban said, It must not be done so in our country, to give the younger before the first-born. Gen 29:27 Fulfill her week, and we will give you this one also for the service which you shall serve with me still another seven years. Gen 29:28 And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week. And he gave him Rachel his daughter to wife also. Gen 29:29 And Laban gave Bilhah his slave woman to his daughter Rachel, to be her handmaid. Gen 29:30 And he also went in to Rachel. He also loved Rachel more than Leah, and served with him still seven more years. Jacob had all his sons during the last seven years of service to his father in law. To support this I also want to reference one more chapter: Genesis chapter thirty one Jacob basically flees Laban the Syrian, sidebar: The reason I keep describing Laban as “Laban the Syrian” is because this is how scriptures portrays him three times during this time period, and once more he is described as “Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian” in chapter twenty eight. So God makes a point of letting us know who Laban is, and where he comes from, so I will stick with the word of God. OK now back to Genesis chapter thirty one, Jacob is fleeing his father in law, and When Laban the Syrian catches up to him Jacob makes the following statement: I was with you these twenty years. Your ewes and she-goats have not cast their young, and the rams of your flock I have not eaten. (Gen 31:38) Gen 31:41 And I have been twenty years in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six for your flocks. And you have changed my wages ten times. Since Jacob did not marry his wives Leah and Rachel until after his first seven years of service, and he wanted to leave after Joseph was born, but was persuaded to stay for another six years. Gen 30:22 And God remembered Rachel, and God listened to her and opened her womb. Gen 30:23 And she conceived and bore a son, and she said, God has taken away my reproach. Gen 30:24 And she called his name Joseph. And she said, May Jehovah add another son to me. Gen 30:25 And when Rachel had borne Joseph, it happened that Jacob said to Laban, Send me away so that I may go into my own place and to my country. Gen 30:26 Give me my wives and my children, for whom I have served you, and let me go. For you know my service which I have done you. Gen 31:41 And I have been twenty years in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six for your flocks. And you have changed my wages ten times.

So we put all these verses together and we can pin down to a year or two as to the birth year of Judah; as we have seen from my above writings that All the sons of Jacob were born in a seven year time span. Leah gave birth to Reuben, Simeon, Levi and then Judah, before any other sons of Jacob were born. This means that they were born at least a year apart from each other, Joseph was the eleventh son born, and Judah was the fourth born.

So Judah had to be born between the years 2193-2196 AC. This makes Judah at the most 6 years older than Joseph, and maybe only three years older.

Joseph was born Approximately in the year 2199 AC (After creation), Jacob had all his sons born within a seven year time span except for Benjamin.

Joseph lived to one hundred and ten years old (Gen. 50: 26). this would put Josephs death in the year 2309, give or take 3 years.

I have created a family tree of the sons Noah in a separate

file. This file goes all the way through to the twelve tribes of

Israel.

Genesis-chapter 23

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1.Sarah lived one hundred and twenty seven years;
these were the years of the life of Sarah. 11:29-31

Sarah was ten years younger than Abraham, as we are told
in Gen 17:17. Since we know this, and since we also know when Abraham
was born, all we have to do is add ten more years to determine Sarah’s birth date which would be in the year 2028 AC. (After creation), we add to this 127 years and we see that Sarah Died in the year 2155 AC. We can also
determine that Isaac was 37 years of age when his mother died. You can refer to my family tree chart titled: genealogy chart from Noah to Jesus, and you can also see my file titled: Genealogy of Adam to Joseph to see how I came up with these dates.

2 So Sarah died in Kirjath Arba (that is Hebron) in the land
of Canaan, and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to
weep for her. v. 19

This says that Abraham came to Hebron to mourn the
death of Sarah. From the previous chapter we are told that
Abraham settled in Beersheba which from my
understanding is about twenty miles south of Hebron.
Adam Clark s commentary explains the verse this way:

Abraham came to mourn for Sarah – From Gen 22:19 of the preceding chapter it appears that Abraham had settled at Beer-sheba; and here we find that Sarah died at Hebron, which was about twenty-four miles distant from Beersheba. For the convenience of feeding his numerous flocks, Abraham had probably several places of temporary residence, and particularly one at Beer sheba, and another at Hebron; and it is likely that while he sojourned at Beersheba, Sarah died at Hebron; and his coming to mourn and weep for her signifies his coming from the former to the latter place on the news of her death.

3 Then Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spoke
to the sons of Heth, saying, 10:15

The sons of Heth referred to here are the descendants of
Heth, who was the son of Canaan,(hence the Canaanites),
And Canaan was the great grandson of Noah.

4 “I am a foreigner and a visitor among you. Give me
property for a burial place among you, that I may bury my
dead out of my sight.”

Even though God has promised this land to Abraham and
his descendants, Abraham recognizes that he is
nevertheless still a stranger among the Canaanites, and
does not yet possess the land. Most bible’s translate the
word foreigner with stranger, however the NKJV (which is
the bible I use for my studies), reads “I am a foreigner.”The
reason I am pointing this out is because when I read this
verse it brings to mind Gen 17:8 where God tells Abraham
that the land He promises him and his seed, that he will be
a stranger there. Another reason for Abraham humbling himself to the sons of Heth is a show of respect to the leaders of the Canaanites as would have been the customs of the day.

5 And the sons of Heth answered Abraham, saying to him,
6 “Hear us, my lord: you are a mighty prince among us;
bury your dead in the choicest of our burial places. None of
us will withhold from you his burial place, that you may
bury your dead.” 13:2; 14:14

The reply from the sons of Heth emphasizes what I had
previously said about the customs of the day The people
pay him respect, and hold Abraham in high esteem
among them, so much so that they consider him a mighty
prince, and say to him that he can have the best burial place
that they have to offer. If you look at the verses that are
being referenced here this will give you a clue as to why
they call him not just a prince, but a mighty prince (Compare Gen 13:2, 14:14-16).

7 Then Abraham stood up and bowed himself to the
people of the land, the sons of Heth.

Again, even after being called a mighty prince Abraham
bows to the sons of Heth as a show of respect and humility.
We in today’s world could take a page from these verses as
to how we should treat one another in all aspects of our
relationship with each other. What a better world this
would be if we all truly humbled ourselves, from the heart
towards others. To see how Abraham carried himself here
must have been very pleasing to God. Think about it;
Abraham walked and talked with God! The one true God!
And the people knew this from the stories they had heard
about from his time in Egypt, and when he dwelt in the land
of Gerar and king Abimelech. Abraham could have gone the
way of Satan and said to the sons of Heth, “If you do not
give me what I ask for, then I will call my God to destroy
you, and the people probably would have obeyed him. Isn’t
this what the strong have always done to the weak
throughout history up to this very day? We use our power
to get what we want if people don’t do as we say. If we only
had more leaders like Abraham today.

8 And he spoke with them, saying, “If it is your wish that I
bury my dead out of my sight, Hear me, and meet with
Ephron the son of Zohar for me,
9 “that he may give me the cave of Machpelah which he
has, which is at the end of his field. Let him give it to me at
the full price, As property for a burial place among you.”
10 Now Ephron dwelt among the sons of Heth; and Ephron Then the Hittite answered Abraham in the presence of the sons of
Heth, all who entered the gate of his city saying,
11 “No, my lord, hear me: I give you the field and the cave That is in it; I give it to you in the presence of the sons of my people, I give it to you. Bury your dead!”

Abraham is speaking to the elders of the sons of Heth. He
is asking them if it is okay that he bury his wife Sarah in
their land, and if it be so, would they please speak with
Ephron the son of Zohar; who is a Hittite, on his behalf, to
persuade Ephron to sell the land to Abraham. Ephron, like
Abraham was a very rich man. As we also see in verse ten
that it is described as “the gate of his city” where all this is
taken place. Ephron had no problem in giving the land to
Abraham, however I must make it clear hear that when
Ephron says that he will give Abraham the land, he is not
saying that he will merely give it to him, instead he is really
saying to Abraham, and all the people that are present, that
he is willing to release the property, and hear the offer
Abraham is willing to make for it. This was the customs of
the day for such transactions. This is being done in the
presence of the sons of Heth so there is no dispute in the
future as to Abraham’s claim to the land and his
descendants. The people are basically being a witness and a
mediator between Abraham and Ephron for the transaction taken place.

12 Then Abraham bowed himself down before the people of the land;
13 and he spoke to Ephron in the hearing of the people of the land, Saying, “If you will give it, please hear me. I will give you money for the field; take it from me and I will bury my dead there. 2 Sam. 24:21-24
14 And Ephron answered Abraham, Saying to him,
15 “My lord, listen to me; the land is worth for hundred shekels of silver. What is that between you and me? So bury your dead.”
16 And Abraham listened to Ephron; and Abraham weighed out the silver for Ephron which he had named in the hearing of the sons of Heth, Four hundred shekels of silver, currency of the merchants.
17 So the field of Ephron which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field and the cave which was in it, and all the trees that were in the field, which were within all the surrounding borders, were deeded
18 to Abraham as a possession in the presence of the sons of Heth, before all who went in at the gate of his city.
19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah, before Mamre (that is Hebron) in the land of Canaan.
20 So the field and the cave that is in it were deeded to Abraham by the sons of Heth as property for a burial place.

This is the first time in the bible where a financial transaction occurs. I believe the reason God records this in His word (The Bible), is so there is no doubt as to who owns this piece of land. At the time of this transaction we read that this is all done in the site and hearing of the people of the sons of Heth and is recorded (deeded) to Abraham. And the area that is covered in this purchase is well established by the description of it’s boundaries. As we notice the trees are mentioned in this also. through Archeology, Hittite Cuneiform Tablets were discovered that shows the record of business transactions. In these tablets it is recorded that when there were land deeds, the trees are noted in the deed. The discovery of these tablets helps to give credence to the story we are reading here. Now this land was purchased by Abraham to be a burial place for his wife Sarah, himself and his descendants. As we read in Genesis 49:30-32 and Gen 50: 31-32 we see that Isaac and Jacob along with their wives were also buried in these caves. The only exception is Jacobs wife Rachel who died giving birth to Benjamin and was buried in Bethlehem. After I meditated on these scriptures I was curious as to who controls this area of land today. I discovered that in 1998 the Israeli’s turned control of Abraham’s burial place over to what is called a Muslim Waqf. The Waqf in Muslim law basically states that the beneficiaries of land Waqf’s belong to the public and the poor and not by any individual state. The website “United For Israel” describes how the burial place of Abraham and descendants is run today: The “Isaac Hall” serves as a mosque while the “Abraham Hall” and “Jacob Hall” serve as a synagogue. Today, the Muslim Waqf controls over 80% of the building. This includes the whole of the southeastern section, which lies above the only known entrance to the actual cave. As a result, Jews are not permitted to visit the cenotaphs of Isaac or Rebecca, which lie entirely within the southeastern section, except for 10 days a year that hold special significance in Judaism. One of these days is the Shabbat of “Chayei Sara” (usually in November) when the Torah portion concerning the death of Sarah, and the purchase of the Machpela Cave by Abraham, is read. I will end my comments on these verses, with my opinion on who I think should be in complete control of this burial site. First I want to say that it appears to me that the arrangement made in 1998 was strictly a political decision and not based on true christian biblical teachings. I believe this land as well as all the land of Israel belongs to the descendants of Abraham and Sarah, and not to the descendants of Hagar or Ishmael (Abraham’s handmaid and their son). Why do I say this? Both in Judaism and Islam they agree of who is buried there: the descendants of Abraham and Sarah alone. Neither Hagar, Ishmael, or any of their descendants are buried there. Mohammed or any of his descendants are buried there nor any other descendants of Abraham that are of the Muslim faith. To me it is black and white and there are no gray areas as to who this belongs to: the Israeli Nation (The descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob). In my opinion this is why God made sure that we find this transaction between Abraham and the sons of Heth is recorded in His word, and why He also makes it very clear as to who else is buried there, and who the land belongs to (compare Num 33:50- 54).

Genesis-chapter 22

22

1.Now it came to pass after these things that God tested Abraham, and said to him, “Abraham!” and he said, “here I am.” 1 Corinth. 10:13

In the original King James Bible, and the KJV+, the word “Tempted” is replaced with the word “tested” used in the New King James (Which is the Version I am copying and using here in my studies). I believe this to be an accurate English translation for this Hebrew word. Let us look at the Hebrew definition of the word “tempt:”

Tempt: (H5254), נסה: nâsâh
BDB Definition:
1) to test, try, prove, tempt, assay, put to the proof or test

The word “tempt” carries with it a certain negative connotation, especially when it comes to understanding our Lord God. For God does not tempt man with evil intent but test them so as to try and prove them ;in this case it is Abraham s faith that is to be tried and proved (Heb 11:17), Satan is the one who tempts man with their own lust so as to draw them away from God (Jas 1:13-14), God will not test us until He feels we are up for the task and He will not test us without providing a way of escape for us (1 co 10:13), God has been working with Abraham for probably some sixty years now. He has shaped and molded him into the being that is pleasing to Him, just as he does to all mankind. I believe that God feels Abraham is now ready to take that final leap into becoming the person He has hoped him to be (Rom 8:17-21).

2 Then he said, “Take now your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you. 2 Chr. 3:1; John 3:16

There are a few things I would like to go over in this verse. The first is the word son which is used twice. The first time it is used, it is in the same font as the rest of the words. The second time it is used you will notice the word is in italic. I’m sure that whoever reads my writings, or the bible itself that you will notice this throughout. The reason for this (as I explained in my format at the beginning of my work), is that the words in italic have been added for clarity and are not found in Hebrew, or Aramaic. These words are done this way to help the reader, And myself to understand what is being conveyed here. I bring this up because of the fact that anyone who has an understanding of Abraham knows that he had two sons. One might say “wait a minute,’ Abraham had two sons,(Ishmael and Isaac) how could Isaac be his only son?” Hence the reason for the two different fonts of the word son here. We must go to the BDB definition of these two words to see how they are used in the context of this verse. I will show them in the order in which they appear in the verse above:

Son, (H1121): בּן; bên
BDB Definition:
1) son, grandson, child, member of a group
1a) son, male child
1b) grandson

Son, (H853): את: ‘êth
BDB Definition:
1) sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

When God tells Abraham “Your only son Isaac” He is differentiating between Isaac and Ishmael. God is in essence saying to Abraham “Your son from Sarah your wife, from whom the promised seed is to be established.
The second and third thing we can take away from this verse is very important in understanding God’s master plan of salvation for mankind. In the next 12 verses we will see this plan being played out through Abraham and Isaac. They are a foreshadowing of things to come. They are to go to the land of Moriah, and Abraham is to offer up his only son Isaac to God as a sacrifice. It is well known throughout the world that God the father offered up His only begotten son, and our Lord Jesus Christ as a sacrifice for all of mans sins and thus we were reconciled to God, on what is called today as the mountains Moriah (compare Rom 5:10, 2 Co 5:17-18), it is on this mount Moriah that the three religions of the world claim to be sacred and holy to them. In the christian faith, In the christian faith. This site is revered as the place where Abraham was to offer up his son Isaac to the Lord, And because of Abraham’s actions, we as Christians are blessed and share in the promises God made to Abraham. We therefore are of the seed of Abraham and joint heirs in the promise. In the Hebrew faith they to recognize this mount where Abraham offered up Isaac to the Lord as well, but it also is the place where the first and second temple of God once stood. Built first by king Solomon and then rebuilt by Nehemiah upon their return from bondage by the Babylonians. In the Muslim faith this is the same mountain where it is said that Mohammed ascended to heaven, and is where we see the dome of the rock today. Mount Moriah is also the location where King Solomon built the first temple to the Lord, which was purchased by king David from Araunah the Jebusite and built an altar on the threshing floor where an angel of the Lord appeared to David (2 Sa 24:17-18, 24-5, 2 Ch3:1),

Just so there is no confusion, Ornan is a Hebrew
variation from Araunah.

3 So Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son; and he split the wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place of which God had told him.

Here we read that Abraham took a donkey with him to the place where God had told him. It is written in the New Testament that when Jesus first entered into Jerusalem He was riding a donkey (Zech 9:9, Matt 21:1-7), now we are not told here that Isaac was riding this donkey that Abraham brought with them, but the similarities are too close to just cast aside. As for me I believe Isaac is a foreshadowing of the sacrifice of our Lord Jesus Christ and with this belief I think Isaac was riding the donkey when they approached the place God had showed them.

4 Then on the third day Abraham lifted his eyes and saw the place afar off.

So far in this chapter we have read that Abraham has done what God has asked him to do. No where do we see any hesitation on his part or, as Abraham did during the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, try to bargain with God. By most accounts approximately sixty years have passed since Abraham left the land of the Chaldeans as he was told to do by God. During this three day travel Abraham had plenty of time to think things out concerning God, Isaac, and himself. He was probably recalling the relationship he had built with God: his journeys to Egypt, and the land of Gerar, his dealings with God in regards to Sodom and Gomorrah, all the promises God made to him; including the miraculous birth of Isaac, in which God asked Abraham “is there anything impossible for the Lord?” recalling this Abraham could have summarized that God is able to resurrect Isaac from death after the sacrifice. God was always there for him and He never let Abraham down. Recalling this relationship he has with God, by the third day Abraham had come to the conclusion that God would keep His word in regards to the promise He made with him And the seed of Isaac (Gen 17:15-19), the next verse supports the above statements by what we read what Abraham tells the two men that accompanied
him and Isaac, when they reached the place that God had showed them.

5 And Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey; the Lad and I will go yonder and worship, and we will come back to you.

We see the faith that Abraham has in the Lord. He tells his two servants to wait for him and Isaac, and that they both will return together. Abraham still didn’t know what God God had planned, but he did know that the God he has come to know and trust was an almighty God, and that if Abraham was to sacrifice Isaac to Him, that God had the power to bring Isaac back from the dead (Heb 11:17-19), Remember what God had told Abraham years ago in regards to Sarah bearing a child when she was well past her prime to have children (Gen 18:10-14), God did as He said He would, and Isaac was born as promised.

6 So Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son; and he took the fire in his hand, and a knife, and the two of them went together. John. 19:7

Here we see again another comparison of Isaac’s sacrifice and that of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Isaac had to carry the wood for his own sacrifice up mount Moriah just as our Lord Jesus Christ did on the way to His own crucifixion (John 19:16-17).

7 But Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said,”My father!” And he said, “Here I am, my son.” Then he said, “Look, the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?”

Up to this point in time Isaac did not know that he was to be the offering made to God. Notice he ask his father, “Where is the Lamb?”

8 And Abraham said, “My son, God will provide for Himself the lamb for a burnt offering.” So the two of them went together. v. 13; Ex. 12:3-6

What a profound and prophetic statement Abraham makes: “My son, God will provide for Himself the lamb?” Yes God did provide for Himself a lamb, and that lamb was His only begotten son Jesus Christ (John 1:29, 35-36), the perfect Sacrifice for all of mankind’s sins: even though Jesus is the only perfect human to ever live without sin, excluding that point We can still see the similarities between Abraham; the Father of his only begotten son of Sarah; Isaac, to that of God the father and the sacrifice He made of His only begotten son Jesus Christ (John 8:56), we are never told in the scriptures when Abraham saw Jesus’ day, so it makes me wonder if this is the day that Jesus was talking about in John 8:56? we can only speculate. However I would like to point out that the following day on which I made this speculation I was reading a commentary by Jameson, Faucet, and Brown, in regards to John 8:56 which they also came to the same speculation as me. I don’t say this to boast but to give glory to God for having His Spirit guide me in my studies, as I ask Him to do before I begin my work. I myself can do nothing but with Christ inside of me, and with God’s Spirit working with me all things are possible. The following is the commentary by JFB:

in a figure — Greek, “in a parable.” Alford explains, “Received him back, risen from that death which he had undergone in, under, the figure of the ram.” I prefer with Bishop Pearson, Estius, and Gregory of Nyssa, understanding the figure to be the representation which the whole scene gave to Abraham of Christ in His death (typified by Isaac’s offering in intention, and the ram’s actual substitution answering to Christ’s vicarious death), and in His resurrection (typified by Abraham’s receiving him back alive from the jaws of death, compare 2Co_1:9, 2Co_1:10); just as on the day of atonement the slain goat and the scapegoat together formed one joint rite representing Christ’s death and resurrection. It was then that Abraham saw Christ’s day (Joh_8:56): accounting God was able to raise even from the dead: from which state of the dead he received him back as a type of the resurrection in Christ.

We must remember that God Himself called Abraham a Prophet (Compare Gen 20:6-7).

9 Then they came to the place of which God had told him. And Abraham built an altar there and placed the wood in order; and he bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar upon the wood.

Just as our Lord Jesus Christ willfully laid down his life as a sacrifice for all our sins, so to did Isaac willfully offer himself up to God as a burnt offering. Abraham was over a hundred years old now, and Isaac was probably somewhere between twenty five t0 thirty years of age. Isaac could have easily overpowered his dad and refused to sacrifice himself but we do not see any of this recorded in God s word. Like I mentioned earlier; the are many similarities between Abraham, and Isaac, and God the Father, and Jesus Christ in regards to the crucifixion of our Lord some four thousand years later, and there is still more similarities between the two sacrifices to be revealed in the following verses.

10 And Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. Heb. 11:17-19
11 But the Angel of the Lord called to him from heaven and said,”Abraham, Abraham!” So he said,”Here I am.”

Just as Isaac was willing to lay down his life for God, so to was Abraham willing to obey God and kill His son Isaac for Him. Even though as I said previously, that Abraham new God could raise up Isaac from death, I can’t help but feel that What Abraham was about to do had to sadden him. Abraham probably had thoughts going through his mind thinking about the pain that he was about to put his son through and to hear his cries when he would thrust the knife into his body had to be very painful to Abraham himself. It kind of reminds me of when my own mother would spank me she would always say to me, “This is going to hurt me more than you,” I can almost see the tears running down Abraham’s face as he pulled out the knife and raised it up to strike his son. Abraham was in a place that no father would ever want to be in, yet he was willing to obey God to the end. How many of us are truly ready to bear that cross? We are told in the scriptures that we must be willing to bear the cross and lay down our own lives and follow and walk with God (Compare Matt 10:37-38, 16:24-26), we see hear two men that were ready to take up the cross. One who was willing to lose his own life for the sake of God, and the other who loved God more than his only son. No wonder Abraham is called the father of faith (Rom 4:16).

12 And He Said, “Do not lay your hand on the lad, or do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me.”

So Abraham has passed the test that God had put before him. When we read that God says, “For now I know that you fear me,” this word fear(as I have explained before) is not being used in the context as to say that Abraham trembles or is terribly afraid of Him. In this verse and throughout the bible when we see the word fear it means to be in reverence of God: a fear that is mingled with respect and esteem; veneration, (according to the Webster dictionary), I want to be clear on this because most people who do not understand God would use this verse as a way of justifying to themselves and others their reason for not honoring God and mock Him: saying to themselves, “What kind of God is it who wants me to fear Him? I will not bow down to such a God” I would also like to say to whoever reads this that the last thing God wants from us is to be afraid of Him. There are passages in the bible where we see that when the Lord appears to men, He tells them “Do not be afraid,” (Compare Gen 15:1, 26:24, Isa 41:10, Dan 10:11-12, Luke 1:11-13, Mark 6:49-50, Rev 1:17), I hope I have made my point. For those of us who know and love God there is no reason to fear Him. Only those who mock Him, and do not honor Him should be afraid.
I would like to offer my opinion on something else we read in this verse that is a repeat of what was said in verse two of this chapter and that is the emphasis that is put on the son. We see this word in italics twice, (one in each verse), I feel that God is letting it be very clear not only to Abraham in his time, but also to the whole world that, As Abraham told Isaac in verse twelve, “God will provide for Himself the Lamb,” it is a message to the church from God that He holds nothing from us who believe, that He too, out of His love for us, did not withhold Him from us and offered up His only son for our salvation. For by the grace of God we are saved, and this is the love of God (1 Jn 3:16, 4:9-10).

13 Then Abraham lifted his eyes and looked, and there behind him was a ram caught in a thicket by its horns. So Abraham went and took the ram, and offered it up for a burnt offering instead of his son. v. 8

Continuing on from the previous verse we read that the Lord did indeed provide for Himself the lamb as Abraham said He would do back in verse eight. And the sacrifice He provided for Himself, for Abraham to offer up to Him was a Ram caught in a thicket. This Ram is also symbol of or our Lord Jesus Christ, which God also provided for Himself for the salvation of mankind. We read in Mathew, Mark, and John of the new testament where the Roman soldiers placed a reed of thorns on top of Jesus’s head and crowned Him (Compare Matt 27:29, Mark 15:17, John 19:2), and in John 19:2 John the baptist upon seeing Jesus the first time says, “Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29), so as not to confuse the reader, the Webster dictionary defines “ram” as the male gender of the sheep genus. A Lamb is of the sheep kind.

14 And Abraham called the name of the place, The-Lord-Will-Provide, as it is said to this day, “In the mount of the Lord it shall be provided.”

Just as Abraham told his son Isaac in verse eight that the “Lord will provide” hence the name of the mount given by him.

15 Then the Angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time out of heaven, vv. 11, 12

The Angel of the Lord spoken here could or may not be Jesus Christ Himself. In the NKJV and the MKJV bibles we see the word “Angel” capitalized, but in the KJV+(which is the strongs concordance bible), and all the other bible versions, angel is not capitalized. A reminder to the reader: when the words Angel, He, Himself, Him, are capitalized it is because they are referring to God or Jesus Christ. Since there is no agreement in all the bible versions as to who this Angel is we are left to our own conclusions. As you can see by my writings I am capitalizing Angel because I suppose it to be Jesus Christ who is talking to Abraham here.

16 and said: “By myself I have sworn, says the Lord, Because you have done this thing, and have not witheld your son, your only son–

Since there is no one greater or above God He could only swear to Himself. This is the first time that God puts His name on the promises He has made to Abraham. Again the Lord stresses the importance of Abraham sacrificing his only son (notice son is again in italics), this signifies the difference between Ishmael, and Isaac: Isaac being the one which was born through Sarah, and to which the covenant will be passed on to.

17 “Blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your descendants as the stars of the heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your descendants shall possess the gate of their enemies.
◊18 “In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice.” 12: 1-3

The blessings that we read in these verses are different from what we have read in the past chapters leading up to this. In chapter fifteen we do read where God tells Abraham that his descendants will be numbered as the stars in heaven, but that is the extent of the similarities of the promises made to Abraham up to this point (Gen 15:5), here we read that not only will Abraham’s descendants be as the stars in heaven but they will be as the sand on the seashore and that they will also possess, or if you will? Inherit, occupy the towns, and land of their enemies. As mentioned earlier God actually swears by His name in the blessings that He is now giving to Abraham which He has never done before.
The last thing I want to point out is that the reader will see a star in verse eighteen. This signifies that this is a prophecy concerning the gentile nations (Those not of the Hebrew, or Israelis descent), but for all those who have the faith of Abraham, and also the faith in Jesus Christ who died for our sins, and rose on the third day, wherein our faith lies, for if He was not resurrected then our faith is hopeless (Acts 3:20-24, Rom 4:16-18, Gal 3:6-9).

19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose and they went together to Beersheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beersheba. 21:31

Afterwards Abraham returns to his dwelling in Beersheba, located south of Jerusalem; in the wilderness of Shur; where he made his covenant with Abimelech.

20 Now it came to pass after these things that it was told Abraham, saying, “Indeed Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor:

Milcah: (H4435): milkâh
BDB Definition:
Milcah = “queen”
1) daughter of Haran and wife of Nahor, her uncle and Abraham’s brother, to whom she bore 8 children

I find it interesting that Milcah means queen. If you remember when God changed Sarai’s, name to Sarah He placed a higher emphasis on her name: as we see in Gen. 17:16

Gen 17:16 And I will bless her, and give you a son also of her. Yes, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations, kings of people shall be from her.

Out of these two women, who are married to the two brothers (Abraham & Nahor) their seed together will share in the blessings that God made to Abraham. Both of these women can trace their lineage back to Terah, father of Abraham and Nahor. As we recall, Milcah is the daughter of Haran, brother of Abraham and Nahor, and Sarah is the daughter of Terah but from a different mother of Abraham. So these two women are cousins to one another.

Sarah: (H8283): שׂרה: śârâh
BDB Definition:
Sarah = “noblewoman”

Somehow, maybe thru the caravans or even a messenger of Nahor Abraham kept in touch with his family which lived in the land of Haran. The reason for this verse I believe, is a segue leading up to the events in chapter 24 where we will see that After Sarah has died, and Abraham is very old, that he sends one of his trustful servants to go to the land of Haran to find a bride for his son Isaac amongst his own people.

21 “Huz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram,

Uz: (H5780), עוּץ: ‛ûts
BDB Definition: Uz = “wooded”
1) son of Aram and grandson of Seth (noun proper masculine)
2) son of Nahor by Milcah (noun proper masculine)

Buz: (H938) בּוּז: bûz
BDB Definition: Buz = “contempt”
1) second son of Nahor, Abraham’s nephew
2) a Gadite

Kemuel: (H7055), קמוּאל: qemû’êl
BDB Definition: Kemuel = “raised of God”
1) son of Nahor by Milcah and father of Aram

To clarify, there are two Aram’s spoken of in the book of Genesis. Shem, who was a son of Noah had a son called Aram, and then there is Aram who as we see here is the son of Kemuel

22 “Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel,”
23 And Bethuel begot Rebekah. These eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother. 24:15

Chesed: (H3777): כּשׂד: keśed
BDB Definition: Chesed = “increase”
1) the 4th son of Nahor, the nephew of Abraham

Hazo: (H2375), חזו: chăzô
BDB Definition: Hazo = “vision”
1) son of Nahor by his wife Milcah

Pildash: (H6394), פּלדּשׁ: pildâsh
BDB Definition: Pildash = “flame of fire”
1) one of the 8 sons of Nahor, the brother of Abraham, by Milcah his wife or niece

Jidlaph: (H3044), ידלף: yidlâph
BDB Definition: Jidlaph = “weeping”
1) a son of Nahor

Bethuel: (H1328), בּתוּאל: bethû’êl
BDB Definition:Bethuel = “God destroys” or “man of God” or “dweller in God”
1) nephew of Abraham, son of Nahor by Milcah, father of Rebekah (noun proper masculine)

Rebekah will end up being the wife of Abraham’s son Isaac,
which also makes them 2nd cousins. If we look on the map where Nahor and his family live we will see that the land is where we now know as modern day Syria: who God has used throughout history as the rod of His anger and the work of His hands (Compare Isa 10:5, 19:25).

24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, Also bore Tebah, Gaham, Thahash, and Maacah.

Ruemah: (H7208): ראוּמה: re’ûmâh
BDB Definition: Reumah = “elevated”
1) the concubine of Nahor, the brother of Abraham

Tebah: (H2875): טבח: ṭebach
BDB Definition:
Tebah = “a slaughter”
1) a son of Nahor by his concubine Reumah

Gaham: (H1514), גּחם: gacham
BDB Definition: Gaham = “burning”
1) a son of Abraham’s brother Nahor and his concubine Reumah

Thahash: (H8477), תּחשׁ: tachash
BDB Definition: Thahash = “dugong”
1) son of Nahor by his concubine Reumah and nephew of Abraham

Maacah: (H4601), מעכת / מעכה: ma‛ăkâh / ma‛ăkâth
BDB Definition: Maachathites = “pressure (literally she has pressed)”
4) son of Nahor by concubine Reumah (noun proper masculine)

Genesis-chapter 21

21

1.And the Lord visited Sarah as He had said, and the Lord did for Sarah as He had spoken.
2 For Sarah conceived and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. 17:21; 18:10, 14; Heb. 11:11, 12

(Compare Gen 17:21, 18:10, 14). The God I serve is a true and faithful God. There is nothing that He can’t do. He promised Abraham and Sarah that they would have a son, and He is true to His word. As we read in Gen 17:21 God told Abraham that Sarah would have a son at the same time one year later. So by this we know that at least one year has gone by (give or take), since the Lord visited with Abraham and Sarah. There are certain similarities between Isaac and our Lord Jesus Christ. I will point out these similarities as we read on in the book of Genesis. Isaac’s birth, just as the birth of Jesus were both miraculous births. With Sarah being well beyond her prime of bearing children; By all we know today in the world of science the birth of Isaac was impossible, but there is nothing that God can’t do. All the science in the world cannot explain away the births of both Isaac, and Jesus Christ. God and only God has the power to make all things possible. For it was His will that Sarah was able to have a son at 90 years of age. It was also the Lords purpose for Mary, The mother of Jesus Christ who was a virgin, conceived our Lord (having never known a man). By all rights she should not have been able to conceive, but God Himself planted the Seed in Her and she gave birth to the only begotten of God the Father. As stated by God Himself to Abraham, “Is anything too hard for Jehovah?”

3 And Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him- whom Sarah bore to him-Isaac.
4 Then Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

Abraham did all that God had commanded him. He named his son Isaac as God had told him:

Gen 17:19 And God said, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed. And you shall call his name Isaac. And I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.

Abraham kept the covenant that he made with the Lord and circumcised Isaac when he was eight days old (Gen 17:10-13)

5 Now Abraham was one hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him.

Abraham did all that God had commanded him. He named his son Isaac as God had told him (Gen 17:19), Abraham kept the covenant that he made with the Lord and circumcised Isaac when he was eight days old.

6 And Sarah said, “God has made me laugh, and all who hear will laugh with me.” 17:17-19; 18:12-15

(Compare Gen 18:12, 17:19).

Isaac: (H3327), יצחק: yitschâq; BDB Definition: Isaac = “he laughs”
1) son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

7 She also said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? For I have born him a son in his old age.” 18: 11-12

this is merely a facetious statement by Sarah. She knew that it was God who said to Abraham that Sarah would have a son in a year from now.

8 So the child grew and was weaned. And Abraham made a great feast on the same day that Isaac was weaned.

After Isaac ceased from being breast fed by Sarah Abraham through together a big celebration. By most accounts this would put Isaac somewhere between 2-4 years old as was the customs of that time and culture.

9 And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she she had borne to Abraham, Scoffing.
10 Therefore she said to Abraham, “Cast out this bondwoman and her son; for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, namely with Isaac.” 25:6; Gal. 4:30

11 And the matter was very displeasing in Abraham’s sight because of his son.

During this feast for Isaac, his half brother Ishmael was making fun of him and Sarah witnessed this happening. Undoubtedly this reminded Sarah of how she was treated by Hagar, when she conceived Ishmael through Abraham (Gen 16:5), Sarah reacted as any mother would have in the same circumstance in wanting to protect her son. Sarah might have been reminded of Gods covenant with Abraham, at which time Sarah’s name was changed from Sarai to Sarah; In that it would be through Isaac that God’s blessings would be passed on to. In my opinion this relationship with Hagar and Sarah had been festering ever since Hagar conceived Ishmael. This discontent between the two had to have an effect on Ishmael while he was growing up. His mother probably had been telling him for years that since he was the firstborn of Abraham then he is the rightful heir to him. So when Ishmael saw all this fuss being made over Isaac he started to have the same discontentment towards Isaac as his mother had towards Sarah. Sarah was not going to have any more of this nonsense and decided it was time for her to put her foot down. I could almost hear Sarah remind Abraham at some point in this conversation of how she had been a faithful and obedient wife to him when they were in Egypt, and the land of Gerar. How she was willing to lie for him at the expense of her own life and dignity. Even still, Ishmael was his son, and it weighed heavily on him what Sarah was demanding Abraham do with Ishmael.

◊12 But God said to Abraham, “Do not let it be displeasing in your sight because of the lad or because of your bondwoman. Whatever Sarah has said to you, listen to her voice; for in Isaac your seed shall be called.
13 “Yet I will also make a nation of the son of the bondwoman, because he is your seed.” 16:10; 17:20, 25:12-18

I believe Abraham did not immediately give in to Sarah’s demands. The way I understand verse twelve is that Abraham went to God for help. I can only imagine the pain and uneasiness he must have been going through. He was at a point in life where he knew God was the only true answer to his problem. There was nothing he could do on his own to resolve this issue (2 Co 12:9), Abraham was at his weakest he had ever been. He loved Sarah, and Ishmael dearly, Abraham knew that he had to turn to God for help, and in this action God’s power was being made perfect in him. We have all been there in one way or another. It’s times like these that we humbly come to God for help. In Abraham case God talked directly with him and told him what he must do. It probably wasn’t what he wanted to hear from God because he still had to cast out Ishmael, knowing that he would never see his son again. However God assured Abraham that He would bless Ishmael, and in this blessing he gives but a Glimpse into Abraham eyes of the future of these nations. In Gen. 25 we see what becomes of Ishmael and his descendants (Compare Gen 25:12-16).

14 So Abraham rose early in the morning, and took bread and a skin of water; and putting it on her shoulder, he gave it and the boy to Hagar, and sent her away. Then she departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. 16:12; 25:6

It appears hear that verses eight thru thirteen take place in the course of one day: first the day begins with Abraham holding a feast in celebration of the weaning of Isaac. During this feast Isaac is scoffed at by Ishmael (his half brother), Sarah sees this scoffing and demands that Abraham cast Ishmael out from their presence. Then in evening Abraham goes to God to ask for his help in regards to Ishmael. Here we are now early in the morning on the very next day, and we see that Abraham is ready to send Ishmael and Hagar out from among him. Verse fourteen is very telling about Abraham’s maturity in his faith with God. We read hear that Abraham gives Ishmael and Hagar some bread and one flask (if you will), of water. This is enough provisions for two people for maybe a couple days. God promised Abraham that He would make a nation from the seed of Ishmael because he is of Abraham’s seed. Abraham trust in God that He will take care of Ishmael and therefore finds it necessary to only give Ishmael and Hagar a couple days rations. Hagar and Ishmael journey southeast from Gerar to the wilderness of Beersheba.

15 And the water in the skin was used up, and she placed the boy under one of the shrubs.
16 Then she went and sat down across from him at a distance of about a bow shot; for she said to herself, “Let me not see the death of the boy.” So she sat opposite him, and lifted her voice and wept.
17 And God heard the voice of the lad. Then the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said to her, “What ails you Hagar? Fear not, for God has heard the voice of of the lad where he is. 22:11; Ex. 3:7
18 “Arise, lift up the lad and hold him with your hand, for I will make him a great nation.” 16:10; 18:20

In our weakness He is made strong. At our darkest hour God will hear our cries. Hagar has given up all hope, forgetting that approximately 15 years earlier she was in the same predicament, and an angel of the Lord answered her, and promised her that God would multiply her seed exceedingly. The Angel even told her of the fate of Ishmael (Gen 16:7-14), but now, in her distress, Hagar has forgotten all that the angel of the Lord Jehovah had revealed to her, but God has not forsaken her or Ishmael. Gods word is true and He cannot lie. We can all be rest assured of all Gods promises. Just as Abraham saw the promise afar off, yet never receiving this promise he believed in God and it was accounted to him for righteousness (Rom 4:3), in this instance we see that it is the prayers of Ishmael that God hears. Where Hagar had given up all hope, Ishmael cries out to God in his darkest hour and God answers his call. The Angel of the Lord calls out to Hagar and tells her that God has heard the cries of Ishmael. Again the angel of the Lord reassures Hagar that God has not forsaken her or her son, and he tells Hagar to go to the lad, for God will make a great nation of him. Hagar was at her weakest moment ever, and her son who was just a bow shot away, with his dying breath, in his darkest hour, calls on the Lord Jehovah for help and The Lord God is made strong.

19 Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. And she went and filled the skin with water, and gave the lad a drink.
20 So God was with the lad; and he grew and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer.
21 He dwelt in the wilderness of Paran; and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt.

The scriptures do not say one way or the other if this well is the same well that Hagar named Beerlahairoi when an angel of the Lord first appeared to her when she was fleeing Sarai, but when we look at the verses side by side as to their location we can see that they are definitely in the same proximity (Gen 16:7-8, 13-14)

Compare these verses with Gen. 21: 14, 19-21

If we read Genesis 16:7 closely we see that the angel of the Lord found Hagar by a fountain that was on the way to Shur (not in the wilderness of Shur itself), Now if we look at a map of the area we see that the wilderness of Shur is in the eastern most part of what we call today the Sanai peninsula. During this time frame Abraham was dwelling in the land of Canaan (in the plains Mamre), Gen 16:3 Gen 18:1. Again if we look at a map of the location of Mamre we see that it is north of Beersheba And could have have been passed thru by Hagar on the way to Shur. Anyone who looks at my files can go to my folder on bible maps to see this for themselves, or you can Google these locations for yourself.
The wilderness of Puran where Ishmael grew up and dwelt in lies between the wilderness of Shur, and Beersheba, which is again in the proximity of beerlahairoi where an angel of the lord first appeared to Hagar.

22 And it came to pass at that time that Abimelech and Phichol, the commander of his army, spoke to Abraham, saying, “God is with you in all that you do. 20:14; 26:28; Is. 8:3
23 “Now therefore, swear to me by God that you will not deal falsely with me, with my offspring, or with my posterity; but that according to the kindness that I have done to you, you will do to me and to the land in which you have dwelt.” Josh. 2:12, 13
24 And Abraham said, “I will swear.”

The phrase “And it came to pass at that time,” according to Adam Clarke’s commentary, is referring back to Gen 20:14-15

I am inclined to agree with Mr. Clarke’s assumption:

At that time – This may either refer to the transactions recorded in the preceding chapter, or to the time of Ishmael’s marriage, but most probably to the former.

This was during the time that King Abimelech had just returned Sarah to Abraham after he took her for himself when Abraham first came to the land of Gerar. The reason I tend to agree with Mr. Clarke is because of what I read in verse’s 29-31 in this chapter. plus we see Genesis 20:14 being referenced to in verse 22 above. I must remind the reader that it is not I who references all these chapters and verses following certain verses. I am just copying word for word the NKJV bible. This is makes sense when we look at Gen. 21:14. We see here that Hagar wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. Abraham would have to had named the land Beersheba before Hagar could have wandered in the land called by that name. The reader could then read Genesis 21 and place verses 22-34 at the beginning of chapter 21 up to verse 21, leaving verse 21 that last verse of chapter 21. I must again remind the reader that this is my opinion on how we can read chapter 21 as far as a chronological order of these verses. I must also say that after I placed verses 22-34 ahead of verse 1-21 I contacted my pastor to make sure that I wasn’t going against God’s word when he warns us not to take from or add to His book (Rev 22:18-19), this could be said to be true for the Bible in its entirety. My pastor said that number one as long as I am stating that this is just my opinion, and number two that I am not taken away or adding any words to this chapter just looking at it from a certain perspective. By commenting on this chapter in this manner would be okay. That being said here is the way the verses could be read, in my opinion:

Gen 21:22 And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest:
Gen 21:23 Now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son’s son: but according to the kindness that I have done unto thee, thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned.
Gen 21:24 And Abraham said, I will swear.
Gen 21:25 And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which Abimelech’s servants had violently taken away.
Gen 21:26 And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day.
Gen 21:27 And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.
Gen 21:28 And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves.
Gen 21:29 And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs which thou hast set by themselves?
Gen 21:30 And he said, For these seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto me, that I have digged this well.
Gen 21:31 Wherefore he called that place Beersheba; because there they sware both of them.
Gen 21:32 Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.
Gen 21:33 And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God.
Gen 21:34 And Abraham sojourned in the Philistines’ land many days.

Gen 21:1 And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken.
Gen 21:2 For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him.
Gen 21:3 And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac.
Gen 21:4 And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.
Gen 21:5 And Abraham was a hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him.
Gen 21:6 And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear will laugh with me.
Gen 21:7 And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should have given children suck? for I have born him a son in his old age.
Gen 21:8 And the child grew, and was weaned: and Abraham made a great feast the same day that Isaac was weaned.
Gen 21:9 And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born unto Abraham, mocking.
Gen 21:10 Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.
Gen 21:11 And the thing was very grievous in Abraham’s sight because of his son.
◊Gen 21:12 And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called.
Gen 21:13 And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed.
Gen 21:14 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
Gen 21:15 And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs.
Gen 21:16 And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lift up her voice, and wept.
Gen 21:17 And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is.
Gen 21:18 Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand; for I will make him a great nation.
Gen 21:19 And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went, and filled the bottle with water, and gave the lad drink.
Gen 21:20 And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer.
Gen 21:21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt.

So Abraham swears to king Abimelech that he will do right by the king, and his descendants. Does Abraham swear by God or does he just swear? Verse 24 seem to be a bit sketchy on this point.

25 Then Abraham rebuked Abimelech because of a well of water which Abimelech’s servants had seized.
26 and Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this thing; you did not tell me, nor had I heard of it until today.”

Then Abraham points out to the king that he(Abraham), has not been treated fairly by him (Abimelech), because some of the kings people have seized a well that was dug by Abraham. So the king tells Abraham that he was not aware of the situation.

27 So Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech, and the two of them made a covenant. 20:14

Here again we see Gen. 20:14 being referenced in this verse. To me this strengthens Adam Clarke’s and my belief that this was done before Abraham sent Hagar and Ishmael out from amongst him and Sarah. As I have gone through in great detail back in Gen. 15:11 in regards to covenants made between two parties it is merely a binding agreement between two or more parties. This agreement between Abraham and Abimelech is an agreement to wit they will show kindness to one another, and treat each other fairly, and that this covenant will be passed down from generation to generation. The sheep and oxen that Abraham gives to king Abimelech could be a show of appreciation for all that the king has shown to him. Also because of what we read in Gen. 15 in regards to the covenant that God made with Abraham, Abraham, and Abimelech may have cut the carcasses of some of the animals and passed through them as a symbol of the fate of him who would break this covenant. This is merely an assumption on my part because we are not told that this is in fact what they did.

28 And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves.
29 Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What is the meaning of these seven ewe lambs which you have set by themselves?”
30 And he said, “You will take these seven ewe lambs from my hand, that they may be my witness that I have dug this well.” 31:48, 52

Besides the sheep and oxen Abraham gave to Abimelech Abraham separated seven ewe lambs from amongst the sheep, the female sheep are referred to as ewes. These seven ewe lambs were separated from amongst the sheep as a special oath between the two parties which was to be a witness (testimony), between Abraham and Abimelech that Abraham did in fact dig these wells and therefore were rightfully his. I must point out the number of ewe lambs Abraham set apart (seven), this number seven is a sign of perfection, and completeness in the scriptures. Water is life
And back then it was very important to the lively-hood of peoples and nations. In my opinion I believe that the reason Abraham made this distinction from the rest of the covenant is that without the rights to these wells Abraham and his people could not have survived. I hope I can explain this the way I have come to understand it in my own mind: you see without the wells the survival of his people would not be sustainable, so the other parts of the covenant would be irrelevant. Since we know that the number seven is a sign of perfection and completeness, then we can ascertain that these seven ewe lambs symbolizes the covenant between Abraham and Abimelech perfect and complete between them. Lets look at the strongs definition of Beersheba so as to help the reader understand the meaning

Beersheba: (H884): בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע: be’êr sheba‛
be-ayr’ sheh’-bah
From H875 and H7651 (in the sense of H7650); well of an oath; Beer Sheba, a place in Palestine: – Beer-shebah.

beer(H875): בְּאֵר: be’êr : be-ayr’; From H874; a pit; especially a well: – pit, well.

Sheba: (H7651) שֶׁבַע : sheba‛ shib‛âh ; sheh’-bah, shib-aw’
From H7650; a primitive cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times.

bah: (H7650) שָׁבַע: shâba‛
shaw-bah’
A primitive root; properly to be complete, but used only as a denominative from H7651; to seven oneself, that is, swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

31 Therefore he called that place Beersheba, because the two of them swore an oath there. 21:14; 26:33

As I explained early on; every name given in the bible has significance in and of itself, which is why I have given the BDB definition, which is the Hebrew definition of words. As we can see how the name Beersheba reflects what happened there and why it was given this name by Abraham. We can also see by the BDB definition that the location of this well is in the southern edge of modern day Israel.

32 Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba. So Abimelech rose with Phichol, the commander of his army, and they returned to the land of the Philistines. v. 27

We see here that this covenant between Abraham and Abimelech was not made in Gerar, which is in the land of the Philistines.

33 Then Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba, and there called on the name of the Lord, the Everlasting God. 4:26; 12:8

The word Tamarisk tree used here is translated from the Hebrew word grove as we see when we read this verse in the KJV+ bible which uses the strongs concordance. With this being the case we could conclude that it wasn’t just one tree Abraham planted but a cluster of trees. In my opinion Abraham might have planted these trees here so that when people would come to draw water from the well they would have a comfortable shady place to rest from the sun. The wilderness that the well, or wells are located are just that a wilderness lacking vegetation or shade trees in many areas.

34 And Abraham stayed in the land of the Philistines many days.

So Abraham lived in the land of the Philistines for a long time. In my mind, many days could mean to be many years. The land of the Philistines during this time consisted of the area west of Jerusalem along the coastline from southern Israel to the north close to modern day Syria.

Genesis-chapter 20

20

1.And Abraham journeyed from there to the south, and dwelt in between Kadesh and Shur, and stayed in Gerar.

Gerar is located south toward and close by the Mediterranean sea. In my opinion Abraham could no longer live in a place that would remind him daily of the destruction that fell upon the people of Sodom and Gomorrah. Like I said previously he no doubt was concerned about the fate of his nephew Lot. None of us could live or return to a place that has nothing but memories of sadness and despair.

2 Now Abraham said of Sarah his wife, “She is my sister,” And Abimelech king of Gerar sent and took Sarah.

Abraham apparently still hasn’t learned from his past mistakes and so therefore is now doomed to repeat them. Just as when he journeyed into Egypt and told the king there that Sarah was his sister for fear of his life, he does the same with the king of Gerar. Just one other note hear that maybe some people may overlook. God has Blessed Sarah with great beauty. By this time Sarah must 89 years old now, i say this because we know that she was 90 when she had Isaac, and the Lord had just appeared to Abraham and told him in a year they would have a son. You can go to Genesis 17:17 where we are told of the ages that both Abraham and Sarah would be when Isaac was born. Yet Sarah still has a certain beauty that has men wanting her in a carnal way. Remember, in both instances these men who took Sarah from Abraham were kings and rulers over there people. They could have any woman they wanted and undoubtedly the women they took as wives and concubines were probably the most beautiful of their kingdoms. Sarah must have been a very beautiful woman.

3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, “Indeed you are a dead man because of the woman you have taken, for she is a man’s wife.”

Here we see again that God has revealed Himself to a king that does not worship the one true God of Abraham, but is an idol worshiper who practices paganism. As I have already indicated back in Gen 12:16 God will and does intervene in human affairs in order to fulfill His purpose to mankind; This is one of those times, so much so that king Abimelech is actually having a heart to heart conversation with God almighty Himself. Again God has to intervene directly, on account of Abraham’s misguided intentions. I am reminded of my comments back in chapter sixteen on how Sarah and Abraham concluded in their minds that the promise God made to Abraham in regards to his seed didn’t include Sarah (seeing that God never mentions Sarah in his promises up to that time), so they rationalized in their own minds that the promise seed of Abraham could be fulfilled through Sarah’s handmaid Hagar. Here Again, for fear of his life, Abraham decides that he must take matters into his own hands, in order to help along the promise God made to Abraham, in which his seed will be carried on through his wife Sarah and Not Hagar. I like the commentary from the United Church of God in regards to why Abraham decided to deceive the king of Gerar just as he did in Egypt:

Sometimes we think that our own “prudence” is compatible with faith when, in fact, it is not. Perhaps this is what was behind the action of Abraham and Sarah. In any event, these incidents affirm to us that God will protect His people in spite of our weaknesses or the unforeseen twists of circumstance. We all make mistakes or wrong choices. In some cases, there may be consequences. But ultimately, God will work things out for our good (Romans 8:28).

This is not about Abraham’s faith but more so about Abraham feeling that he must help along God’s purpose for him.

4 But Abimelech had not come near her; and he said, “Lord will you slay a righteous nation also? 18:33
5 “Did he not say to me, “She is my sister”? Ans she, even she herself said, “He is my brother.” In the integrity of my heart and innocence of my hands I have done this.” Ps. 26:1

We see Abimelech and God going back and forth with one another in regards to Sarah. Don’t we all wish that we could sit down with the Lord and speak with Him? One day we will have that opportunity in the kingdom of God, but I digress, I thought about verse four, where the king ask the Lord if He would “slay a righteous nation also” at first I thought God was telling us in this verse that the people and the king of Gerar were a righteous people, but after writing down my thoughts and meditating on this, it didn’t make sense to me so I looked at all the commentaries, and even my own church website to see what they had to say about this verse only to find that no one had any comments on this subject. So I decided to go to Chabad.org which is a well known Jewish website that I have used before when all else fails in order to find a clearer understanding. I have found, and have even been told by my own pastor that sometimes we need to go to the Jewish teachings when it comes to interpreting the Old Testament. There I found a man named Marty Robbins (who I have found out to be a well known teacher of the Torah) in his teachings he refers to a man named Rashi, whose commentaries on the Torah are used by both teachers and students of the Torah. Rashi who was a learned Rabbi lived and died in France in the 11th and 12th century. Anyway I found both Marty Robbins teachings (using the commentaries of Rashi), as a solid explanation of this verse. I will now paste Rashi’s commentary and insert Rabbi Robbins teachings on verse four:

will You kill even a righteous nation: Even if he (Abraham) is righteous, will You kill him? Is that Your way, to destroy the nations for nought? You did so to the Generation of the Flood and to the Generation of the Dispersion. I too will say that You destroyed them for no reason, just as You threaten (lit. say) to kill me. — [from Gen. Rabbah 52:6]

Mr. Robbins gives two explanations about the statement the king is saying about killing a righteous nation. Abimelech uses the term nation because back then the king is the nation, so if you kill the king in essence you are killing the whole nation (The king is the nation), and also, if God kills the king then his people will blame Abraham for his demise and will kill him. Also, the king is saying (according to Rashi) that if you kill me then you must kill Abraham also for his part in causing me to sin. Remember; Abimelech is having a conversation with God. Mr. Robbins goes on to explain that King Abimelech is pleading his case to God:

Vs. 5 “Did he not say to me, “She is my sister”? Ans she, even she herself said, “He is my brother.” In the integrity of my heart and innocence of my hands I have done this.”

even she: This is to include her servants, camel drivers, and donkey drivers.“I asked them all, and they said: He is her brother.” :
With the innocence of my heart: I did not intend to sin:
and with the purity of my hands: I am pure of sin, for I did not touch her.

6 And God said to him in a dream, “Yes, I know that you did this in the integrity of your heart. For I also witheld you from sinning against me; Therefore I did not let you touch her.

In verse six God acknowledges to Abimelech that yes indeed he did not intend to sin. In the same verse however God also tells Abimelech that it was He (God) who kept him from sinning against Him and did not allow the king to touch Sarah. It has been explained to me that if Abimelech had slept with Sarah and defiled her; he would have sinned against God because God has chosen Abraham and Sarah for a special purpose in His plan for salvation, God loved both of them very much. It is in this context why the king would have sinned against God Himself.

7 “Now therefore, restore the man’s wife; for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you and you shall live. But if you do not restore her, know that you shall surely die, you and all who are yours.” Num. 16:31-33

God Tells Abimelech to return Sarah to Abraham, and that Abraham will pray for him for he is a prophet and the king shall live, but if he doesn’t he shall surely die. There is one comment I would like to make about this verse. First God calls Abraham a “prophet,” most people I believe would take this term to compare Abraham with the prophets like Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekial, and the like, but I personally don’t think that this is what God means by calling him a prophet. I like Adam Clarke’s commentary on this subject:

He is a prophet, and he shall pray for thee – The word prophet, which we have from the Greek προφητες, and which is compounded of προ, before, and φημι, I speak, means, in its general acceptation, one who speaks of things before they happen, i.e., one who foretells future events. But that this was not the original notion of the word, its use in this place sufficiently proves. Abraham certainly was not a prophet in the present general acceptation of the term, and for the Hebrew נביא: nabi, we must seek some other meaning. I have, in a discourse entitled “The Christian Prophet and his Work,” proved that the proper ideal meaning of the original word is to pray, entreat, make supplication, etc., and this meaning of it I have justified at large both from its application in this place, and from its pointed use in the case of Saul, mentioned 1 Samuel 10, and from the case of the priests of Baal, 1 Kings 18, where prophesying most undoubtedly means making prayer and supplication.

To give support to Adam Clarke’s definition in the context of which it is used in verse seven we see that right after God calls Abraham a prophet He tells King Abimelech that Abraham will pray (give supplication), for him and that he shall live, and if he doesn’t return Sarah he and all his people, even his cattle, and all material things will perish with him: See the referenced book of Numbers 16: 31-33.
one last thing I would like to comment on here is in regards to the prayer Abraham makes on behalf of king Abimelech. I believe included in this prayer Abraham must have had to acknowledge his own transgression and repent himself for the deceit, or maybe for his own prudence in regards to his faith? And ask for forgiveness Before the Lord. This is just my own opinion in this matter.

8 So Abimelech rose early in the morning, called all his servants, and told all these things in their hearing; and the men were very much afraid.

The very next morning after his encounter with God, Abimelech calls what I believe are his top leaders of his kingdom, and tells them of his encounter with the God of Abraham. No doubt the God of Abraham is very well known in the land of Canaan and they knew what He had done to the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. These men were in fear of their lives and did not want the same fate of these cities to fall on them as well.

9 And Abimelech called Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? How have I offended you, that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? You have done deeds to me that ought not to be done.” 12:18, 19; 26:9,10
10 Then Abimelech said to Abraham, “What did you have in view, that you have done this thing?”

After talking to his heads of state (if you will) Abimelech sends for Abraham to appear before him and his servants. Abimelech speaks to Abraham in a rebuking manner, yet he also chooses his words carefully so as not to anger God anymore than he already has. The king knows that Abraham must be respected in his approach to him. Instead of accusing Abraham outright, Abimelech ask what HE did wrong in Abraham’s sight to cause him and his people to sin against God (“A great sin”), Abimelech goes on to tell Abraham that he should not have done these things to him, because he feels he did nothing to deserve this act.

11 And Abraham said, “Because I thought, surely the fear of God is not in this place; and they will kill me on account of my wife. 12:12, 13; 26:9

Abraham felt that because the people Gerar did not have the fear of God in them, that they were like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, (blinded to their sin), therefore they would see nothing wrong in killing Abraham just so they could have their carnal desires fulfilled, but in their twisted minds, if Sarah were not married it would be okay to just take her without needing anyone’s consent. As I am writing this down this makes me want to believe that Abraham had to know they would take Sarah and do as they please with her, and he only cared for his own life and not of Sarah’s well being. If this is the case then what I said earlier about Abraham offering prayer’s to God on behalf of Abimelech, He would have to have made supplication for his own actions. In my opinion Abraham is not guiltless in all of this.

12 “But indeed she is truly my sister. She is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife.

This is where we finally see an explanation of what Abraham meant when he says that Sarah is his sister. Just as he did back in Genesis twelve while they were in Egypt.

13 “And it came to pass, when God caused me to wander from my father’s house, that I said to her, ‘This is your kindness that you should do for me: in every place, wherever we go, say of me, “He is my brother.”’”

So then, since this is the way Abraham thought before he left the land of Chaldea does this make him blameless before God in his actions while in Egypt and Gerar? I ask this because when he asks Sarah for this kindness to him he has not yet really come to know God and his ways, and therefore they haven’t developed a close relationship. Yet that was then and this is now. Abraham could have changed his attitude by the time he settles in Gerar. Please don’t get me wrong; I am not judging Abraham, that is not my place. I’m just trying to understand God’s word here, and how I can apply it to myself.

14 Then Abimelech took sheep, oxen, and male, and female servants, and gave them to Abraham; and he restored Sarah his wife to him. 12:16

Just as the Pharaoh of Egypt gave Abraham Sheep and oxen, and male, and female servants, so to did Abimelech. This was not commanded by God, but it was probably a custom, or maybe a sign of respect towards Abraham.

15 And Abimelech said, “See, my land is before you; dwell where it pleases you.” 13:9; 34:10; 47:6
16 Then to Sarah he said, “Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver; indeed this vindicates you before all who are with you and before everybody.” Thus she was rebuked. 26:11

Unlike the Pharaoh of Egypt, King Abimelech went even further in his gifts to Abraham. The king also told Abraham that he could dwell wherever he wanted in his kingdom, and he even gave Sarah a veil of silver made of a thousand pieces of silver. I believe that just as God was the one who did not let king Abimelech touch Sarah, that it also was God who put it into the kings heart to let Abraham dwell wherever he wanted. I say this because God had already promised Abraham this land for him and his descendants, and it is God who owns everything, and it is his to give to whoever he pleases. King Abimelech is merely the tool God used to fulfill His purpose for Abraham. As far as the silver that was given to Sarah as a covering I prefer the American standard version translation (Compare Gen 20:16 ASV), There are differing translations in other bibles when it comes to the meaning of verse sixteen. There is no general consensus as to the meaning of this verse among it’s interpreters. Because of this I can see how this would be very confusing to the ordinary person such as me. Therefore I would like to share with the reader Adam Clarke’s Commentary that best tells my own understanding of this verse and why I like the American standard version over all other translations:

And unto Sarah he said – But what did he say? Here there is scarcely any agreement among interpreters; the Hebrew is exceedingly obscure, and every interpreter takes it in his own sense.
A thousand pieces of silver – Shekels are very probably meant here, and so the Targum understands it. The Septuagint has χιλια διδραχμα, a thousand didrachma, no doubt meaning shekels; for in Gen_23:15, Gen_23:16, this translation uses διδραχμα for the Hebrew שקל shekel. As shakal signifies literally to weigh, and the shekel was a coin of such a weight, Mr. Ainsworth and others think this to be the origin of our word scale, the instrument to weigh with.
The shekel of the sanctuary weighed twenty gerahs, Exo_30:13. And according to the Jews, the gerah weighed sixteen grains of barley. R. Maimon observes, that after the captivity the shekel was increased to three hundred and eighty-four grains or barley-corns. On the subject of ancient weights and measures, very little that is satisfactory is known.
Behold, he is to thee a covering of the eyes – It – the one thousand shekels, (not he – Abraham), is to thee for a covering – to procure thee a veil to conceal thy beauty (unto all that are with thee, and with all other) from all thy own kindred and acquaintance, and from all strangers, that none, seeing thou art another mans wife; may covet thee on account of thy comeliness.
Thus she was reproved – The original is ונכחת venochachath, but the word is probably the second person preterite, used for the imperative mood, from the root נכח nachach, to make straight, direct, right; or to speak rightly, correctly; and may, in connection with the rest of the text, be thus paraphrased: Behold, I have given thy Brother (Abraham, gently alluding to the equivocation, Gen_20:2, Gen_20:5) a thousand shekels of silver; behold, It is (that is, the silver is, or may be, or let it be) to thee a covering of the eyes (to procure a veil; see above) with regard to all those who are with thee; and to all (or and in all) speak thou the truth. Correctly translated by the Septuagint, και παντα αληθευσον, and in all things speak the truth – not only tell a part of the truth, but tell the whole; say not merely he is my brother, but say also, he is my husband too. Thus in All things speak the truth. I believe the above to be the sense of this difficult passage, and shall not puzzle my readers with criticisms. See Kennicott.

17 So Abraham prayed to God; and God healed Abimelech, his wife, and his female servants. Then they bore children; Job. 42:9
18 For the Lord had closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech because of Sarah, Abraham’s wife.

Like I said previously Abraham probably had to not only pray for the king, but he also had to pray for his own actions concerning Sarah and his deceptive behavior. Apparently the Lord had cast a curse on the king and his people for the sake of Sarah. It appears that those women who were with child was unable to go into labor while Sarah was living amongst them. These women were probably going through all the labor pains of giving birth but unable to deliver them (which as any woman would tell you this must have been very unbearable), As far as the king himself we are not told what kind of sickness he had. We are only told that he was healed after Abraham prayed for him.

Genesis-chapter 19

19

1.Now the two angels came to Sodom in the evening,
and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw
them, he rose to meet them, and he bowed himself with his
face towards the ground. 18: 1-5

I have anticipated coming to this verse above, and I
have pondered where I should put my thoughts, in
regards to the two angels that the Lord sent to Sodom. I had
thought about talking about this back in chapter eighteen
where they are first introduced to us, but I felt it would be
more appropriate here. So let me now consider these two
angels. I am reminded of the laws of God; which were
expanded on in the book of Deuteronomy by Moses’s in his
farewell address; if you will, to the people of Israel (who
have survived through the wilderness journey), and are now
about to enter the promised land ( Deut 17:6). God is about to judge the people of Sodom and Gomorrah and sentence them to death for their sins. By Gods own laws (Which He too is bound to) sends two witnesses in the
form of angels to testify against them. We must remember what the Lord said earlier in chapter eighteen (Gen 18:20-21). We do truly have a righteous and merciful God. Our Lord is slow to anger and He does not! Take satisfaction in putting to death any of His children (including the wicked). The Lord has heard the cry against them but He wants to know with certainty of their guilt before He cast sentence against
them. In my opinion this Grieved God greatly for what He was about to do, just like in the time of Noah when He was sorely grieved at what His creation had come to (Gen 6:6).

2 And he said, “Here now my lords, please turn into your
servant’s house and spend the night, and wash your feet;
then you may rise early and go on your way.” And they said,
“No, but we will spend the night in the open square.”
3 But he insisted strongly; so they turned in to him and
entered his house. Then he made them a feast, and baked
unleavened bread, and they ate. 18:6-8; Heb. 13:2

At the end of verse one we see that just like Abraham Lot
bowed his face to the ground upon greeting the two angels.
Again in my opinion Lot see s these two men for what they
are (angels of the Lord), which is why he bows down to
them. Also as Abraham he ask them to enter his house and
stay and wash their feet. Even though Lot has lived
amongst people who probably do not live according to the
customs he was brought up in, or even worship the same
God as Abraham, he has not let their evil ways corrupt him.
If Lot were as the people of Sodom then he would not have
been spared from the destruction. At first the angels are
prepared to spend the night in the middle of the city. In my
opinion it is so they can witness first hand how the people
are, to see if they truly are deserving of the death penalty.
Because Lot is so persistent with them they take him up on
his offer and decide to dwell with him. One last thing I
would like to point out here is the fact that Lot made them a
feast and baked unleavened bread. Let me just say first of
all that I believe Abraham knew of the laws of God and of
His Holy days, so I feel that I can safely assume that Lot
was brought up in these teachings while he dwelt with
Abraham.. I get this belief from what the bible says of
Abraham in genesis chapter twenty six (Compare Gen 26:1-5), with emphasis on verse five. The bible does not say that the destruction of Sodom occurred during the days of unleavened bread, irregardless, the fact that God tells Moses to write this down (remember it was God Himself who inspired Moses
what to write down in the first five books), I believe it is of great importance to the reader what God is revealing here. Let me explain. The Days Of Unleavened Bread is a commanded holy day of God that not only the Israelite nation is to observe yearly from generation to generation
but is also to be observed by us gentiles (non Israelis). During the Days Of Unleavened Bread we are told by God to purge out the old man in us (which is sin) so that we may be a new lump, as we are leavened (full of sin). (Compare 1 Co 5:6-8, Exo 13:6-9). Just as we are told to purge out the old leaven of malice and wickedness, by the partaken of eating unleavened bread by Lot and the angels, reveals to me that this is what God is
doing with Lot. The Lord is taken Lot away from the wickedness that surrounds him (purging him) and bringing him into a new life (unleavened bread of sincerity and truth), and also, just as the Lord brought the Hebrew people out of Egypt with His strong hand, so to God is delivering Lot out of the bondage of Sodom that he has been in.
This is one significant factor I see in the story of Lot, and of
Sodom and Gomorrah, and why God mentions that they ate
unleavened bread.

4 Now before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both old and young, all the people from every quarter, surrounded the house.
5 And they called to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us that we may know them carnally.” Judg. 19:22; Rom. 1:24-27

It is now late in the evening and all the men of Sodom both young and old came to Lots house to have sex with the two angels whom the Lord sent to be a witness against them, and to save Lot and his family from the destruction to come. This reveals to us the wickedness of the people of
Sodom who can only have thoughts of evil continuously. The people are so wicked that even the children are brought up in this way of life, and so to the young this is normal behavior. This has been going on from generation to generation, and so they see no wrong in this type of lifestyle. Because of this, the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all the people from generation to generation, till the great day of judgment will not be condemned for their actions at this time (For they do not know the truth and the sinful life they are living). This will happen at the great white throne judgment, when people will have their first true chance to know God and repent of their ways (Compare Matt 11:20- 24). Because the people of Sodom were not brought up in the ways of the one true God and of His ways, and were blind to their sin, God will have mercy on them more so than to those who do know of Him and His truth, but yet still refuse to accept Him. It’s hard for me to explain to the unbeliever what God is doing is actually an act of love and mercy on the creators part. I will refer the reader back to my comments in Genesis. 18:18 in regards to this matter.

6 So Lot went out to them through the doorway, shut the
door behind him,
7 And said, “Please my brethren, do not do so wickedly!
Judg. 19:23
8 “”See now, I have two daughters who have not known a
man; please, let me bring them out to you, and you may do
to them as you wish; only do nothing to these men, since
this is the reason they have come under the shadow of my
roof.” Judg. 19:24

I am having a real hard time with verse eight here, in trying
understand Lots behavior, and how we are to learn from
this (2 Ti 3:16-17).I have read all the commentaries on this verse, I have gone to the United Church of Gods website, and I have even gone
to a Jewish website called Chabad.org to help give me some
insight as to what i’m suppose to take from verse eight.
Some commentaries say that Lot was merely acting on the
beliefs of the Asiatic customs of the times and still practiced
to this day let me quote from Adam Clarke s commentary,
(which seems to be a census to all who ascribe to this belief)

Behold now, I have two daughters – Nothing but that sacred light in which the rights of hospitality were regarded among the eastern nations, could either justify or palliate this proposal of Lot. A man who had taken a stranger under his care and protection, was bound to defend him even at the expense of his own life. In this light the rights of hospitality are still regarded in Asiatic countries; and on these high notions only, the influence of which an Asiatic mind alone can properly appreciate, Lot’s conduct on this occasion can be at all excused: but even then, it was not only the language of anxious solicitude, but of unwarrantable haste.

If this be the case then why does Lot offer up his two daughters and not himself in order to protect his guests? After the Asiatic custom is to defend his guest at the expense of his own life and not that of his family s life. We see no action of Lot here ready to lay down his life for his guests. After all it was Jesus who said that no man has a greater love than one who lays down his own life for a friend (John 15:12-13). The core issue I have with Lot here is this: How is he justified by his actions with God? Let me stop here for a second and just say this, it is not God who I am questioning here (I would never do that), on the contrary I am trying to understand my Father just as Abraham was doing when he was told of God s intentions in regards to Sodom and Gomorrah. God told Abraham that if he found ten righteous he would not destroy the cities for the sake of ten.
The actions of Lot seem to go against someone who is righteous. So then why was Lot sparred? To me, in my opinion his action is not worthy of this salvation, because to me Lot has become as the people of Sodom by offering up his daughters for sexual gratification, and we are never
told in the bible that unlike king David, Lot never repented for this action. In a sense (and I know these are harsh words) but he was essentially pimping out his own flesh and blood (who were still virgins). Also I do not want to be judgmental in my words, for it is God who knows the hearts
of men I am but a mere mortal man trying to understand my God and His word. Could it be that it is my faith that is being tested here? Should I just let this verse go and have the faith of Abraham; that God knows what he is doing with Lot and leave it at that? I have meditated on this for the
past two weeks and as I said earlier I even went to well known commentaries and my own church to help me understand my Father. I have finally put down on paper my thoughts on this matter for purpose of working this out in my head but to no avail, but I also have written down my thoughts while they are fresh on my mind and true to what I am thinking so I can then read my feelings back to myself as they have been revealed in my mind. This way I don’t have to try and explain this again, because know it won’t come out the same way I want it to.

9 And they said, “Stand back!” Then they said, “This one
came in to stay here, and he keeps acting as a judge; now
we will deal worse with you than with them.” So they
pressed hard against the man Lot, and came near to break
down the door.

Now that I look at this verse, it could to explain my
dilemma with Lot actions. All I need to do here is to read
between the lines. The people of Sodom make a telling
statement: they say among themselves “He (Lot) keeps
acting as a judge” Apparently during Lots stay in Sodom he
would act as judge for the sins of the people, which would
mean that he was basically witnessing against them and
also condemning them. How would he judge them? On
what basis would he use? Lot could only judge and
condemn them by the morals he himself was raised on.
Lot used Gods own statutes, laws, and commandments
which were taught to him by his uncle Abraham (Gen 26:4-5). Just as Abraham was blessed because he obeyed God and
kept all his statutes, and laws, and his commandments, so
to Lot followed in his uncles footsteps and obeyed God and
all his laws, statutes, and commandments, and was blessed
by God and was saved from the destruction of Sodom.
Lot was surrounded daily by the evil temptations of this
city and its people yet he stayed true to Gods word and
never succumbed to the desires of the wicked. I believe also
That in Lots judgment, that the people of Sodom said he
cast on them (and this is my opinion which there is nothing
in the bible that I can base this upon), that one of the
reasons he judged them was for their salvation. Just as
Abraham toiled with God about destroying the righteous
with the wicked and was concerned about the wicked also,
so to was Lot concerned with the path that the people of
Sodom were on, and his intent was to rescue them from
their own demise, not to act as if he were somehow better
than them. Like I have said many of times already, “God
knows the hearts of men” and He found Lot to have the
kind of heart that pleases Him. Now this still doesn’t justify
Lots action with his two daughters, but who hasn’t
stumbled in one way or another from time to time? Lot is
only human which means like all humans we are born with
the sin nature in us. There was only one human that ever
existed that was born without sin and never sinned and
that is our Lord Jesus Christ. Lot was caught up in the
moment, and out of desperation he did what he thought
was best for everyone concerned. In those type of situations
you have but seconds to react. So I ask myself; how would I
have reacted? What would I have done? I hope I never have
to find out for fear of failing not only myself, or my family,
but also failing God.

10 But the men reached out their hands and pulled Lot into the house with them, and shut the door.

Lot had been caught up in the ways of Sodom so much so
that he could not even see his own sin in his proposal that
he made with the people in regards to two of his daughters.
The angels of the Lord had to rescue him not only from the
people that were right outside his door, but also from
himself (so to speak)

11 And they struck the men who were at the doorway of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that
they became weary trying to find the door. Acts 13:11

Out of all the things that the angels could have done to the
people at this point it is only fitting that they were struck
with blindness. The people of Sodom were spiritually
blinded to their wickedness. What they were wanting to do
to the two angels was not out of the ordinary for them when
strangers came to town. It was who they were as a people.
This is why Jesus said that it would be more tolerable for
the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment.
And again as Jesus said on the cross “Father forgive them
for they know not what they do” The people of Sodom
didn’t know any better because God had not revealed
Himself, His statutes, laws or commands to them (Matt 10:15, Luke 23:34).

12 Then the men said to Lot, “Have you anyone else here?
Son-in-law, your sons, your daughters, and whomever
you have in the city-take them out of this place! 2 Pet. 2:7-9
13 “For we will destroy this place, because the outcry
against them has grown great before the face of the Lord,
and the Lord has sent us to destroy it.” v. 24: 18-20

These two verses have such a profound impact on my
beliefs in regards to the end times and how my family will
be impacted. As I am writing this I am the only one in my
immediate family who has been baptized; with the laying
on of hands and hold the testimony of our Lord Jesus
Christ. It is my understanding of the scriptures that it is
only those who are like-minded as I, which will escape the
the trials and tribulation that is soon to come to the whole
world. As we see and read here that it is through the
righteousness of Lot that his family has been sanctified,
and has been granted mercy from the destruction to come
to Sodom, even though they are not of the faith of Lot, or practicing the faith, It brings to mind Noah and the flood. His family too was saved from the flood because of Noah’s righteousness. Now the families of both Noah and Lot were saved from the destruction at the time, but when it comes to their salvation this is a different issue. We all are responsible for our own salvation. Even If my family is sanctified thru me because of my righteousness, and are spared from God’s wrath in the latter day, they will not be a part of the saints that are caught up with our Lord Jesus Christ at the sound of the trumpet, if they have not truly repented of their own sins, and confess them before God, and been baptized. They will still be of the flesh during the 1000 year reign of Christ and their salvation would still be in question. consider 1 Co 7:12-14. I think it is important to show what the Thayer’s Greek definition of sanctified means:

Sanctified: (G37): ἁγιάζω: hagiazō
Thayer Definition:
1) to render or acknowledge, or to be venerable or hallow
2) to separate from profane things and dedicate to God
2a) consecrate things to God
2b) dedicate people to God
3) to purify
3a) to cleanse externally
3b) to purify by expiation: free from the guilt of sin
3c) to purify internally by renewing of the soul

I pray every day that I am found to be worthy to escape the tribulation of the end times, and that my family will be sanctified through me and likewise will be able to escape with me. I do not believe as probably most people do: in, that the church will be taken away before the tribulation. I believe that there will be some who will be martyrs for their belief in Jesus Christ, and that there will be those whom the Lord will take to a place of safety. I hope and pray I will be part of the latter. The promise made to John the apostle in the book of revelation by Jesus Christ is overlooked by many, and as the book is called; He reveals to John what is to happen to those who hold fast the testimony of Jesus Christ (Rev 3:10). So as Abraham was, I too have faith in my God that his word is true, and I look forward; to the promise that is ahead of me.

14 So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-laws, who had
married his daughters, and said, “Get up, get out of this
place; for the Lord will destroy this city! “But to his sons-in-
law he seemed to be joking.

So it appears to me that Lot has more than the two
daughters that he offered up to the people of Sodom. This is
only my opinion and there is nothing in the bible which
supports my theory. I have read a few commentaries and
there is some who say he only had the two daughters, while
others agree with my theory. I get my belief from what I
take from vs 12 where the angels ask Lot if he has anyone
else in the house with him. The men use the singular when
asking if he had a son-in-law somewhere else, maybe in the
city, whereas in this verse we see the term sons-in-law used
in the plural sense. So was there three daughters in Lots
house? But only the two he offered up were still virgins and
were not married? We must go back to verse eight where we
see that Lot describes these two daughters as not having
known a man inferring that they were not married, yet we
see in this verse that Lot speaks to at least two sons-in-laws
warning them of Gods plan to destroy the city but these
sons-in-laws thought that Lot was just joking and so they
ignored his warning. Then the last supporting evidence I
have in in the next verse (15) where the angels of the Lord
tell Lot to take the two daughters that are “HERE” meaning
that he had more daughters in the city. And that there was
only two of his daughters with him in his home.

15 When the morning dawned, the angels urged Lot to
hurry, saying, “Arise, take your wife and your two
daughters who are here, lest you be consumed in the
punishment of the city.” 18:22
16 And while he lingered, the men took hold of his hand,
his wife’s hand, and the hands of his two daughters, the
Lord being merciful to him, and they brought him out and
set him outside the city. 2 Pet. 2:7

From what I see here right off is that the angels of the Lord
Stayed overnight in the city of Sodom after they had
blinded the people. What was the purpose for them to stay
so long? The bible is not clear on this. My thought is to give
Lot proper time to go out in the city and gather his family,
and his people who had been with him since he left
Abraham, that have not been corrupted by the sins of the
city. I say this because of what I read in verse twelve, where
the Angels tell Lot to get family, AND whomever he has in
the city. Lot basically has to be dragged from the city along
with his wife and two daughters by the two angels. It
appears that Lot is reluctant to leave all that he has behind
even though he knows that God himself is about to cast
punishment and destroy the city. It must have been a real
struggle for Lot. On the one hand we know that Lot has
found favor from the Lord, which tells us that he is a
righteous man who followed Gods laws, commands, and
statutes. Then on the other hand, even though the people
of Sodom were wicked he most surely had close friends,
and even family amongst them and i’m sure his heart
was grieving for them, for he knew what was about to come.
Lot knew he would never see these people again. There
were probably all kinds of thoughts going through his
mind. One of these could have been that he figured as long
as he stayed God would not destroy the city (“for the
righteous sake” as Abraham said to God). It’s kind of like
Lot has Satan in one ear saying “God will will not destroy
this city as long as you are here” and the angels are in the
other ear saying “GET OUT!” For the Lord has spoken and
His will, will be done. This is just one example (from my
point of view), of what Lot was struggling with.

17 So it came to pass, when they had brought them outside, that he said, “Escape for your life! Do not look behind you nor stay anywhere in the plain. Escape to the mountains, lest you be destroyed.” v. 26

The mountains, the place of safety. We see the same
scenario is to be played out in the latter days (Compare Matt 24:15-18), then again in Luke Jesus warns not to look back, just as the angels tell Lot and his family. (Luke 17:26-32).

18 Then Lot said to them, “Please, no, my Lords!
19 “Indeed now, your servant has found favor in your
sight, and you have increased your mercy which you have shown
me by saving my life; but I cannot escape to the mountains,
lest some evil overtake me and I die.
20 “See now, this city is near enough to flee to, and it is a
little one; please let me escape there (is it not a little one?)
and my soul shall live.”

There are two facets of these verses I would like to discuss
here; one is faith, or the lack thereof, secondly the
temptations and the desires of the world. I will begin with
the subject of faith. Most commentaries I have read point to
the lack of faith that Lot had in God for his salvation from
the destruction about to come. Lot has already been
assured by The Lords angels that he has found favor in
Gods eyes which is why the angels were sent to rescue him
and his family from the destruction of Sodom. Why would
God warn Lot, take him away from the city, just to kill him
while he was fleeing? My God is not a liar! And He would
not mislead Lot, nor any of His children. So if Lot was so
concerned about being consumed in his flight, then in a
sense he is telling God, “I don’t know Lord, I think I will
put my fate into my own hands, and I think it be better if
went to this place where I would be safer.” oh ye of little
faith. This is the lesson that I believe most draw from these
verses, and I would have to say that this is the first thing
that came to my mind when I first read them.
As I meditated on these verses (which I did for sometime)
something else came to mind about what we can learn here.
I’m not in any way saying that faith isn’t the lesson we
ought to draw from these verses but that there could be
another aspect to this story, and that brings me to the
second facet of this story, which is the temptations and
desires of this world. So let me pose this thought to the
reader. Could it possibly be that just as Lot lingered about
in Sodom: not wanting to leave all the worldly possessions
he had accumulated, nor the ways of the world that he had
grown accustomed to, That when he looks to the mountains
he is told to flee to he sees no value in them. What is there
to gain from by living in these mountains? What worldly
treasures can he attain there? So when he looks to the city
of Zoar he sees a reflection of Sodom and all that it
represents, and all the worldly things that Satan loves to
tempt us with so he can manipulate us and lead us further
away from God the father and our relationship with Him
(Compare Gen 13:10-12). So then, maybe in the back of the mind of Lot he was actually not concerned with his life so much as he was
concerned with the cares of the world and all that it has to
offer. Lot still wanted to chose his own path, which leads
man to death and destruction, and not the ways of God.
Maybe Lot wanted to compromise with God and was not
ready to fully surrender himself to the Lord. We must not
forget though that God saw something good in Lot, for He
and only He knows the hearts of men. This is just one mans
opinion for whatever it is worth to the reader. One thing we
do know when we read a little further in this chapter is that
in the end, Gods will be done, and it will not be
circumvented by anyone. We see that Lot does not stay too
long living in Zoar and ends up living remainder of his life
in the same mountains that he tried to avoid. When the
time comes, at the last trumpet, when we are called to flee
to a place of safety, we must not look back but ahead, ahead
to the future kingdom of God and all its glory. Knowing that
all things work together for the good of those that love God (Rom 8:28, Matt 6:33).

21 And he said to him, “See I have favored you concerning
this thing also, in that I will not overthrow this city for
which you have spoken.
22 “Hurry, escape there. For I cannot do anything until you
arrive there.” therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
13:10; 14:2

First off let me try to explain who it is that is talking to Lot
here. When we read in the bible and see the pronoun he,
sometimes the word is capitalized and other times it is not.
When this pronoun is capitalized it is referring to the divine
nature of God, and also our Lord Jesus Christ because
Jesus is the only begotten son of God the father He has the
distinction also of being of the divine nature. So when we
read in verse 21 “And he said to him” the he part is referring
to the angel that has come to rescue Lot and his family. So
then the him has to be referring to Lot. I would like to refer
to a pamphlet titled Is God a Trinity? That is published by
the united Church of God in it we see the distinction
between the angels, God, Jesus Christ, and man (who was
created in the image of God):

Note again Paul’s words in Romans 8:16: “The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God” (KJV). And through that Spirit it becomes possible for us to be “partakers of the divine nature” (2 Peter 1:4), the very nature of God. Returning to the book of Hebrews, we should understand that the language of being begotten by God, while not applicable to the angels, is applicable not just to Jesus Christ but also to His followers. “Angels,” we are told, “are only servants—spirits sent to care for people who will inherit salvation” (Hebrews 1:14, NLT).

The reason I point this out is because when I first read
these two verses it was the next statement after “he said to
him” which confused me; which reads “see I have favored
you concerning this thing also” it’s as if the he talking here
is the Lord himself, yet “he” was not capitalized, and it was
as the angel himself had the authority to decide the fate of
Lot. I must also point out that in the KJV strongs version of
these verses the word favored is not used and I believe is a
poor substitution for the original word that was used, let
me quote from the KJV strongs version:

Gen 19:21 And he saidH559 untoH413 him, See, H2009 I have acceptedH5375 H6440 thee concerning thisH2088 thingH1697 also, H1571 that I will notH1115 overthrowH2015 (H853) this city, H5892 for the whichH834 thou hast spoken. H1696

We see that the original word used is “accepted” I
personally can now see why I was confused in the
understanding of this verse upon reading it in the English
translated version. In the modern day world the words
“favored” and “accept” can mean two different things:

ACCEPT’ED:, pp. Kindly received; regarded; agreed to; understood; received as a bill of exchange.

FA’VORED:, pp.
1. Countenanced; supported; aided; supplied with advantages; eased; spared. 2. a. Regarded with kindness; as a favored friend.

I hope that after seeing the definitions of these two words
it will help simple minded people like me, not well versed in
the bible, not to get confused as I did. As we read in verse 22 we see that the angel here makes this statement, “For I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” this helps clear things up as to who is actually in control, and it’s not the angels.

23 The sun had risen upon the earth when Lot entered Zoar.

We are told in verse 15 that the morning had dawned when the angels took Lot and his family out of Sodom. We see here in this verse that the sun is now risen when lot entered into Zoar. So by comparing verse 15 along with verse 20 (where Lot tells the angels that Zoar is “.near enough to flee”) we must conclude that Zoar was only miles a few miles from Sodom.

24 Then the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah, from the Lord out of the heavens.
25 So He overthrew those cities, all the plain, all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground.

Once Lot entered into Zoar God destroyed not only destroyed Sodom but the other cities in the general vicinity.
God also killed all life in the area from mankind to the animal kind and also the plant kind just as he did back in the days of Noah and the flood. It had only been a little less than four hundred years since the flood that God destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.

26 But his wife looked back behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.

In verse seventeen the Angels warned Lot and his family not to look back as they fled, but Lot’s wife did not obey and she paid with her life in not obeying God. Some may ask, “why did Lots wife had to die just for merely looking back?” In my opinion, One reason is because she disobeyed God. Another reason is because the action of what Lots wife was doing is a reflection of the character of Lots wife herself. By looking back it shows a reflection of her wanting to not give up the life she had in Sodom (which as we are told is full of wickedness), so she had to be destroyed as part of the wicked people of this city. Why a pillar of salt? Why couldn’t she have just fell down and died? No one can give an explanation for this because this is all we are told of her fate and there is no other place in the Bible that we can go to for a reason. So we are left with out own conclusions. This being said, let me put in my own two cents worth here (Matt 5:13), from my understanding of this verse; we are to be examples to the world forever and a light to mankind always shining. By God turning Lots wife into a pillar of salt He is using her as a light to the world or warning to all mankind of what can become of your fate when you disobey God. Think about it for a moment, even those who do not go to church regularly have heard of this story and it has been a salt to the world to this day of what happens to those who disobey God. I believe that this is also an example of will happen to those in the latter days who are told to flee to the mountains and not look back when they see the abomination of desolation taken place in the holy city (Matt 24:15-22), we saints, who alive and remain, in the latter days we will be taken to a place of safety in the wilderness, where we are to go we do not know, but we must be ready, and when we are told to go to this place of safety we should not hasten as Lot did, nor look back as Lots wife did, but we must look ahead to the promise that is to come, and not veer to the left or the right but straight ahead to the promised land (Rev 12:13-14)

27 And Abraham went early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the Lord. 18:22
28 Then he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain; and he saw, and behold, the smoke of the land which went up like the smoke of a furnace.

The place where he stood before the Lord spoken of here is where Abraham pleaded with the Lord that He would not destroy the righteous with the wicked. One can only imagine what went through Abraham s mind when he saw all the smoke toward Sodom and Gomorrah. One thing he knew for certain is that God did what He said he was going to do. There is no need for Abraham to go and investigate. Abraham had to have wondered about the fate of his nephew Lot. Abraham was probably hoping that after Lot left Abraham years before that he did not forget the God of Abraham and remained a righteous man before the Lord. When Abraham was asking the Lord if He would destroy the righteous with the wicked he had to be thinking of Lot at the time. As far as we know from the scriptures Abraham never knew what became of Lot or his descendants. If this is the case, Abraham will, at the resurrection know that Lot remained faithful to the Lord during this time, and did not suffer the consequences of Sodom and Gomorrah.

29 And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when He overthrew the cities in which Lot had dwelt. 8:1; 18:23

God made a promise to Abraham and he did not break that promise. He saved Lot from the destruction as He said He said He would (in a round about way, if you will), And we who have the faith of Abraham can be rest assured that when God makes a promise to us that He will not break that promise. This is wherein our faith lies.

30 Then Lot went up out of Zoar and dwelt in the mountains, and his two daughters were with him; for he was afraid to dwell in Zoar. And he and his two daughters dwelt in a cave.

Gods will be done. Lot was told to flee to the mountains but he thought he new better and thwarted Gods plan, but only with Gods approval was he able to delay his fate. I believe that the Lord is the one who put the fear in Lots heart and thus made him afraid to dwell in Zoar. We are not told what he feared, just that he did not feel safe in Zoar. I believe the message that God is giving us hear is that his will, will be done, and no matter how far we run from God he will always pull us back to Him and His purpose for us. It reminds me of the story of Jonah. God told Jonah to go and warn the people of Nineveh but Jonah would not listen and he ran from God only to be brought back to the shores close to Nineveh where he was spit out from the belly of a great whale. You can run but you cannot hide. There is no place too far, no ocean too wide, no cave too deep, that can you can run to from God when he calls on you for His purpose.

31 Now the firstborn said to the younger, “Our father is old and there is no man on the earth to come into us as is the custom of all the earth.
32 “Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve the lineage of our father.” Lev. 18:6-18

These two daughters were raised in Sodom and were accustomed to the customs of the people of Sodom. Even though Lot was a righteous man and undoubtedly he tried to raise his children in the ways of God, the children were probably influenced by their surroundings as well, which in this case was that of a life of wickedness. Lot was only one righteous man among many unrighteous people. His influence on his children could only go so far amongst the desires of the world, that the daughters might have found pleasing to their hearts and minds. Just as Eve found the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil pleasing to her eyes, so to the daughters of Lot had to contend with this temptation. the daughters felt as though they would spend the remainder of their lives in the caves away from civilization, never having the opportunity to have children of their own. One thing they knew was that it was a custom for a man to lie with a woman in order to have offspring, and the only man that was around was their father. So the daughters succumbed to the influence of the sin nature. They knew that what they were about to do with their father was wrong which is why they had to get him drunk in order for them to carry out their wicked deed. This is the outcome of poor decision making on Lots part: to think that he could live amongst the wicked and not be affected by these surroundings. The decisions he made was not only a detriment to him but his family as well. I have always told my own children that the decisions they make in life will affect their lives forever so they need to really think about their actions before they carry them out. So, when a man marries a woman and the two become one; they have to think about what is best for the family as a whole and not be selfish to their own needs and desires.

33 So they made their father drink wine that night. And the firstborn went in and lay with her father, and he did not know when she lay down or when she arose.
34 It happened on the next day that the firstborn said to the younger, “Indeed I lay with my father last night; let us make him drink wine tonight also, and you go in and lie with him, that we may preserve the lineage of our father.” v. 22
35 Then they made their father drink wine that night also. And the younger arose and lay with him, and he did not know when she lay down or when she arose.

Verses 33-34 are a testament to the evils of alcohol. I know that most people who drink always go the New Testament verse where Jesus turned the water to wine to justify their desire to drink alcohol. And then in the old testament we are told in Deut. 14:26 to eat and drink during the Feast of Tabernacles. There are times when God gives His blessings on drinking wine and even strong drink. drinking is not a sin in and of itself, it is the overindulgence that is the sin. King Solomon, the wisest man there ever was speaks of this in Ecclesiastes:

Ecc 3:1 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven:

We are also given instruction as to how we are to drink and the dangers of drinking too much (Compare Pro 23:20-21, 29-35), and for those who think that the Old Testament is not relevant then lets see what the New Testament has to say about the subject (Luke 12:45-46, 21:34-36, Gal 5:17-21), as I have shown here drinking can be a stumbling-block to
those who drink to get drunk and not to be merry. Drinking
Alcohol itself is not a sin. It is the misuse of it that is a sin.
There is limit we should put on the amount of alcohol we
consume, and there are certain times which God ordained it
okay to drink (again in moderation), I would suggest that
for those who have no self control and are what we would
term as alcoholics that they should refrain from it all
together. Then there are those like me who made a promise
to God that if He would deliver us from our trouble that we
would stop drinking all together. When you make a promise
to God you ought not break it, for there will be a price to
pay. I personally only drink wine during the celebration of
the Passover ceremony. For Jesus said to do this in
remembrance of Him. We are also told in the passover
that Jesus he would not drink of the cup until he is in the
fathers kingdom with us (Matt 26:27-29), this too is my commitment to God; that I will not drink any alcohol except for the Passover ceremony. But in Gods kingdom, at the marriage supper of the Lamb, There will be such joy and feasting going on I believe it will then be appropriate to partake fully in this feast. But I must digress here and get back to Lot and his two daughters. They had to Get Lot drunk in order for him to do this wicked act. No good can come from drunkenness. In my opinion, the two
daughters that we read about hear are the same two daughters whom Lot was willing to give up to the people of Sodom, when they were wanting Lot to give up the two angels to them so they could have sex with them. If this be the case, how ironic is it then that Lot would be the one who
would be subjected to this kind of wickedness. In the end we are told that Lot did not know when his daughters lay down with him or when they arose. Does this leave Lot blameless? After all he did drink heavily that night, so heavily that he couldn’t even remember what transpired.
Gods word seems to indicate that He found him blameless.
I will not even try to judge Lot here or in any other actions
that he did which are recorded in the scriptures; It really
only matters what God thinks, and no one should question
Him.

36 Thus both the daughters of Lot were with child by their father.
37 The firstborn bore a son and called his name Moab; he is the father of the Moabites to this day.
38 And the younger, she also bore a son and called his name Ben-Ammi; he is the father of the people of Ammon to this day. Deut. 23:3; Ruth 1:4

Lots two daughters both had sons fathered by him. The eldest daughters son is the father of the Moabites, and the youngest daughters son is the father of the Ammonites; while Lot is the patriarch of both these nations. We never hear again of Lot or his daughters as far as what became of them in the scriptures, however there are plenty of prophecies concerning the fate of the Moabites and the Ammonites in the past and in the latter days. There are times when God blesses these nations and there are times when he curses them just like the Descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I look at these people in this way: just as Lot is the nephew of Abraham, then the descendants of Lot are the cousins of Issac and Jacob. The descendants of Lot were settled in the land of modern day Jordan. If we go back to the book of Deuteronomy (when the Israelites are coming into the promised land) we read in chapter two that God warns the people not to take possession of the land of the Moabites or the Ammonites for he gave the land to the children of Lot (Deut 2:9, 19), this tells me that God Blessed Lot and has had a special purpose for his descendants throughout time. He is not finished with them either; we can look at future prophecies concerning these nations and see that God has a special purpose for them in the end times. We can find these prophecies in the books of Jeremiah, Amos, Micah, Isaiah, and Ezekial for the most part.

Genesis-chapter 18

18

1.Then the Lord appeared to him by the terebinth
trees of Mamre, as he was sitting in the tent door in the heat of the day. 13:18
2 So he lifted his eyes and looked, and behold, three men were standing by him; and when he saw them he ran from the tent door to meet them, and bowed himself to the ground,
3 and said, “My Lord, if I have now found favor in your sight, do not pass on by your servant.
4 “Please let a little water be brought, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree. 19:2
5 “And I will bring a morsel of bread, that you may refresh your hearts. After that you may pass by, inasmuch as you have come to your servant.” They said, “Do as you have said.”
6 So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah and said, “Quickly make ready three measures of fine meal; knead it and make cakes.”
7 And Abraham ran to the herd, took a tender and good calf, gave it to a young man, and he hastened to prepare it.
8 So he took butter and milk and the calf which he had prepared, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree as they ate.

This is the third time in which we read that the Lord has appeared to Abraham; the first time was when Abraham first came into the land of Canaan and the Lord reveals to him that the land he is in, is the land that Abraham s seed will inherit. The second time the Lord appears to Abraham was when he was ninety nine years old and He told Abraham that he and Sarah would have a son and that his name shall be called Isaac. I have read some commentaries that suggest that Abraham at first did not recognize the Lord. I would have to disagree with their assumption because of the fact that when Abraham saw the three men standing outside the tent we are told that he ran to them from the door and immediately bowed to the ground, and Called Him “My Lord” and acknowledges that he is His servant. This to me doesn’t seem like the actions of a person who doesn’t know who he is greeting. Abraham s actions in these verses brings to mind two things about this meeting.
First I am reminded of when Abraham met king Melchizedek and gave a tenth of all he had won from the kings of the north when he went to rescue Lot from them. While he is not offering a tenth of what he owns here I believe the same principle is being applied. while it was the custom of the day to welcome in strangers to their dwelling and feed them and give them rest, they would not bow to the ground and call them “MY Lord”. secondly Abraham selected the finest calf of his herd and asked Sarah to take the best of his grain and prepare it for the Lord and His companions (Compare Eze 20:40-41). These offerings were commanded by the Lord while they were in the wilderness which the people strayed away from. So in my opinion Abraham s actions here are a simile of
these offerings to the Lord. And because Abraham did not eat any of the food offered to the Lord and his companions; is this yet another simile of the offerings made to the Lord by the Israelites, in which they were not to share in this offering? Only the high priest could have a portion of these offerings made to the Lord. In my opinion Jesus is the Lord who is appearing to Abraham here, this being said it is only fitting that he and his companions can eat what Abraham has offered up to them. In my opinion the companions who are with the Lord are representative of the disciples of Jesus. this would explain why they to sat and ate with the Lord. Again this is only my opinion as I have come to understand these scriptures at this juncture in my spiritual journey and my thirst for Gods word. I don’t have any solid evidence to back this up, all I can do is reference the scriptures in the New Testament that gives me this train of thought (Luke 5:34-35). I’ll let the reader decide for themselves.

9 Then they said to him, “Where is Sarah your wife?” So he said, “Here in the tent.” 24:67
10 And He said, “I will certainly return to you according to the time of life, and behold, Sarah your wife shall have a son.” (Sarah was listening in the tent door which was behind him.) 17:16; 2 Kings 4:16; Rom. 9:9
11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old, well advanced in age; and Sarah had passed the age of childbearing.
12 Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, “After I have grown old, shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?” Luke 1:18; 1 Pet. 3:6

Here we see that Sarah is being blessed with being in the presence of the Lord. I believe that this is on purpose which is why they asked Abraham where his wife was. The Lord and his two angels want to make sure that what they are about to tell Abraham is also meant for Sarah’s ears as well, this way there is no doubt In her mind as to how she was able to bear a child when she was already well passed the time of a woman s life that is capable of having children; hence when, I believe it is the Lord making this statement: “I will certainly return to you according to the time of life” The Lord is saying to Abraham that he will make it possible for Sarah s body to return to it’s youthful state in which women are in their childbearing years. Sarah, although not being face to face with the Lord is hearing His voice, maybe for the first time. I remember when the Lord spoke to me in a dream how ecstatic I was, not only in my dream but afterwards when I awoke. All we know about Sarah s encounter is that she laughed when she heard she would have a child at her age, but undoubtedly when she did conceive she reflected back on this encounter with the Lord and her faith was strengthened because of it just like my faith was strengthened because of my personal encounter with the Lord. At this time however Sarah laughs at this statement but not aloud for anyone to hear. Verse 12 says she “laughed withing herself” and says “within” her mind “I and my husband Abraham are to old to please one another.” In my opinion she is talking about having sex with one another when she says “Shall I have pleasure my lord (Abraham) being old also” as if to say that Abraham is too old to be physically capable of performing such acts.

13 And the Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Shall I surely bear a child, since I am old?’
14 “Is anything too hard for the Lord? At the appointed time I will return to you, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.”
15 But Sarah denied it, saying, “I did not laugh,” for she was afraid. And He said, “No, but you did laugh!”

The Lord is all knowing, and He knows our deepest thoughts and desires, and He knows the hearts of men. Even though Sarah laughed “within” herself nothing can be hidden from the Lord. So the Lord, even though His conversation is directed towards Abraham, I believe it is intended for Sarah’s ears also. So the Lord lets Sarah know, that He knows what she is thinking, and He proclaims to Abraham (for Sarah’s benefit as well) there is nothing that is beyond My capacity or too difficult for Me, but He proclaims this in the form of a rhetorical question, “Is there anything too hard for the Lord?” There is no need for a reply Abraham knows the power of the Lord. So The Lord again, to emphasize, tells them that number one; He will return to them at the “appointed time,” what is this appointed time one may ask? God has a master plan and all things will work out and be performed according to Gods time frame and no other. When God feels it is time for Abraham and Sarah to have a child then and only then will this miracle child be born. I believe Gods purpose for Abraham and Sarah to wait till they are of old age, is to glorify God and to reveal to mankind his power. The Lord also emphasizes secondly that he is able to give Sarah her youth once again so she can have a child. Since God did this to Sarah, imagine if you will, for a second what we saints will be like in our glorified bodies at the resurrection, sure we will be spirit beings, but we will also be able to manifest ourselves back to human form just as Jesus did when He appeared to the apostles after His own death and resurrection. And I believe when we are manifested into the human body it will be as when we were in our own youthful state of being.
Sarah tries to deny that she laughed at the thought of her having a child and it frightened her to know that the Lord was able to hear her thoughts. So the Lord says firmly and i’m paraphrasing “Aw but yes you did laugh and I heard all your thoughts.” Just one last thought here and I would like that whoever reads this to ponder the statement I am about to make here, and I will explain this thought at the proper time myself when we read about the birth of Isaac in genesis chapter 21. There are many similarities in Isaac s life to that of the birth of Jesus and his sacrifice on the cross. Think about this and I will go into greater detail on this subject as we continue to read Gods word.

16 Then the men rose from there and looked toward Sodom, and Abraham went with them to send them on the way.

There are two purposes for the lord and his angels to come down from heaven. The first purpose was revealed to us in the previous verses in regards to God promise to Abraham and his seed. God, for the first time reveals to Abraham that the promise He made to him would be through the seed of Sarah and not Hagar, and that it will be Isaac, (the son of Abraham and Sarah), and not Ishmael, (the son of Abraham and Hagar) who the Lord will make his everlasting covenant with. The second purpose of the Lord and His angels is to bring judgment upon Sodom and Gomorrah.

17 And the Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am doing?

I will purposely separate this verse from verses 18-19 in order to make a point about the character of God, and His relationship with Abraham and all of mankind. Although there is more to learn from these verses I felt it necessary to write down what came to mind when I first read this verse, but I didn’t know how to put together my thoughts. So I wrote and rewrote and rewrote till I found the words that best described my thoughts.
The Lord has developed a close relationship with Abraham so much so in that He respects him tremendously. we can all look at this statement God makes here about not keeping anything from Abraham. When we as individuals come to the point where we trust in the Lord in all things and learn to fear, obey, and put all our faith in Him as Abraham has, that Gods love and respect for us grows so strong that he will not hold anything back from us. Not to say that God doesn’t love us, but I guess what i’m trying to say is that just like any relationship, be it in a marriage, being siblings, or best friends, the more you develop a relationship with that person the stronger the bond becomes that you can feel comfortable around that person; that you can tell them anything about what you have done, your deepest feelings, that you couldn’t tell anyone else and know that that person will not turn his back on you, and that the two of you can talk things through and come to an understanding and still have that bonding relationship with one another. In my opinion this is the kind of relationship God wants with all His children. We are made in the image of God and part of that characteristic is feelings. God has feelings, and he wants to be loved and respected just as we do, and if God doesn’t tell Abraham of His plans He may lose that bond with Abraham that he cherishes so much. If God doesn’t tell Abraham of His plans He risk losing the relationship that He has worked so hard to build.
There is more to verses 17-21 and I have only touched on one of these aspects. I will discuss the other aspects of these verses below.

◊18 “since Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? 12:3

The Israelite nation is the nation that will become a “great and mighty nation” and God tells us here in verse eighteen, and i’m paraphrasing here: that this will surely come to pass just as the sun rises in the east and settles in the west. In Genesis 12:3 God told Abraham that all nations will be blessed by him, and this includes Sodom and Gomorrah. In order for Abraham to not be confused by what God told him about all the nations (Like Abraham did as to the promised seed between Hagar and Sarah): you can refer back to my comments back in Gen. 16:1, 2 for my explanation of what I put in parentheses. Abraham does not live very far from Sodom and Gomorrah. Therefore the destruction of these two cities was so great that Abraham probably saw or heard the explosions and the cloud of smoke that rose from their destruction. If God did not tell Abraham, He might have questioned God Afterwards on how all the nations could be blessed if they are to be destroyed by God. What kind of blessing is that? Abraham might have wondered. So just like in the days of Noah: when all of mankind were so wicked that there thoughts were evil continuously, in which God was so grieved that He had to destroy the world and start all over. Sodom and Gomorrah have become like those days of old. One might wonder even today how these two cities are blessed? Let me quote from scripture as to their eternal fate, because in the scriptures we see that God is not finished with the people of Sodom and Gomorrah (Compare Matt 10:5-15, 11:19-24). The day of judgment and eternal damnation for all of mankind is still yet to come. Because the people of Sodom and Gomorrah never knew the Lord, or his truth, or his plan of salvation, He does not hold their wickedness against them. The day of judgment spoken here in these scriptures above are talking about the great white throne judgment in which all those who never knew of God or his Son Jesus Christ, will be raised from the grave and will be given an opportunity to learn of God and Jesus, and then they will be given the chance to make their own decision, to live in righteousness in God s kingdom or not, then and only then will they be given the punishment of eternal death from which there is no return. So God will give the people of Sodom and Gomorrah their first real chance to know and accept Him. It is through the faith of Abraham that these two cities will get this opportunity, hence they have been blessed through him.

19 “For I have known him, in order that he may command his children and his household after him, that they keep the way of the Lord, to do righteousness and justice, that the Lord may bring to Abraham what He has spoken to him.” 1 Kings. 10:9

Because the Lord knows Abraham and the kind of man that he is, He explains to Abraham that there are consequences for living a life of sin and unrighteousness, and that judgment will be giving to those who live an ungodly life. This judgment will occur according to Gods time-line. The Lord knows Abraham well enough to know that he will pass this lesson onto his children and his children s children so that God can keep the promise He made to Abraham.

20 And the Lord said, “Because the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because there sin is very grave, 4:10; 19:13
21 “I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry against it that has come to me; and if not, I will know.” Ezek. 16:49, 50

I believe that the outcry the Lord has herd against Sodom and Gomorrah is coming from none other than Lot (Gen 19:6-9). In my opinion Lot was tormented day and night by the evil that surrounds him and he cried out daily to the Lord to deliver these people from their wickedness. It was this crying out that the Lord heard. The sins of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah were so burdensome, so painful to the Lord that it grieved Him so; just as in the days of Noah, that God had to intervene for righteousness sake. God will send two Angels (Witness’s), to go and see if all that He has heard from this outcry is true and if so He will know Himself and His judgment against them will be righteous.

22 Then the men turned away from there and went toward Sodom, but Abraham still stood before the Lord.
23 And Abraham cam near and said, “Would you also destroy the righteous with the wicked? 19:15 24 “Suppose there were fifty righteous within the city; would you also destroy the place and not spare it for the fifty righteous that were in it?
25 “Far be it from You to do such a thing as this, to slay the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be as the wicked; far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?” Ps. 58:11; Is. 3:10, 11
26 So the Lord said, “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.” Jer. 5:1
27 Then Abraham answered and said, “Indeed now, I who am but dust and ashes have taken it upon myself to speak to the Lord:
28 “Suppose there were five less than fifty righteous; would You destroy all of the city for lack of five?” So He said, “If I find there forty five, I will not destroy it.”
29 And he spoke to Him yet again and said, “Suppose there should be forty found there?” So He said, “I will not do it for the sake of the forty.”
30 Then he said, “let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Suppose thirty should be found there?” So He said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.”
31 And he said, “Indeed now, I have taken it upon myself to speak to the Lord: Suppose twenty should be found there?” So He said, “I will not destroy it for the sake of twenty.”
32 Then he said, “Let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak but once more: Suppose ten should be found there?” And He said, “I will not destroy it for the sake of ten.” James. 5:16
33 So the Lord went His way as soon as He had finished speaking with Abraham; and Abraham returned to his place.

I must let the reader know before I begin with my commentary on these verses the things that transpired while I had been thinking about them for the past week. I thought I had my thoughts together on what I wanted to say and I still intend to put them down here, but then this past weekend, during Sabbath services, our former pastor returned to town to promote a seminar our church is doing and was invited to give the sermon which he happily did. Part of the sermon he gave was about this chapter in Genesis in regards to our faith and how to have genuine faith. He used these verses above and it brought another aspect to these verses that I didn’t even think about, so I would like to share what he taught on this subject and then I will end my with commentary what I had originally intended to write in regards to these verses: not that my thoughts on these verses are superior to that of this minister, on the contrary, I believe his is much deeper and has more meet in it than mine, but I believe by combining these two aspects of the verses above it will give the reader a deeper understanding of what Abraham was dealing with at this time, and the close relationship that he had with his Creator. Le me begin with the pastors comments, and I am paraphrasing here:

Abraham didn’t understand what God was doing here with the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah and he was trying to reason it out with Him. In Abraham’s mind God is this all loving all merciful God, How could He just kill all these people and wipe them off the face of the earth and not show mercy to them, after all they are part of Gods creation also, and shouldn’t they be included in the blessings? So in his mind he is thinking about the righteous people who also live in these cities, how could God destroy these righteous with the wicked? Abraham starts to reason with God and ask Him “Will you destroy the righteous with the wicked?” Lord this is beneath you “far be it from you to do such a thing as this” I’m paraphrasing here, how can you slay the righteous with the wicked? They (the righteous) don’t deserve the same punishment as the wicked, and again he reiterates to the Lord “far be it from you!” You who is the Judge of all the earth, shall You not do right among the righteous of the earth!? “Suppose you find fifty righteous within the city; would you also destroy the place and not spare it for the fifty righteous that were in it?” And the Lord responds: “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.” Then Abraham acknowledges to the Lord of his own creation; that he is mere dust and ashes, Abraham is basically saying here that he is nobody special and just a part of Gods creation who was created from the dust of the earth:

Gen 2:7 And Jehovah God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

Reading this now something just came to mind and I want to throw this little nugget out to the reader. Abraham knew that man was created from the dust of the earth in the beginning, he was aware of the origins of the beginning of life. This tells me that from Adam to Abraham this truth was told and retold from generation to generation. From Adam to Enoch (who walked with God), to Noah and then Abraham. Abraham continues to reason with God as well in his own mind and ask God again “Suppose there were five less than fifty righteous? And God responds to him that He will not destroy the city. Abraham continues in this Interrogation: if you will, of God, and gets all the way down to ten righteous to see if God will indeed destroy the righteous with the wicked. Abraham is finally satisfied and reassured of Gods loving mercy. Abraham now understands that the Lord is a righteous God and fair in His judgment. He now knows that God does truly separate the righteous from the wicked in His judgment upon man. Now this is my own thinking here, but I believe that Abraham s faith in God is strengthened even more so by the end of this conversation with his Creator. My pastors point here in all this is that none of us have all the answers or understanding as to why God does what He does at times, and why does it appear that the wicked get away with so much while the poor and righteous seem to never get ahead in life? That we Christians, and all mankind for that matter, must trust in our Creator and have faith in God that in the end all things will work together for the good of all (Rom 8:28). After writing down my pastors thoughts on these verses I feel that my thoughts are minuscule in comparison, and proof to me that when it comes to understanding Gods word (the Bible) I am but a babe still on milk and not yet ready for the meat of Gods word. Or to teach it. Be that as it may, I do have the desire to learn and understand (Heb 5:12-14, 1 Pet 2:1-3). Being as a babe desiring that solid food I will pass on what
I have learned from my own studies in regards to these
verses: To me I see a strong relationship being formed with
Abraham and God. Abraham has come to a place where he
feels comfortable enough to question God and His purpose
and not worry that God will strike him dead for questioning
Him. God as for His part could have struck Abraham dead
for Abraham questioning His authority but He didn’t. The
Lord loves and respects Abraham and He understands also
his heart. For in his questioning of God he is concerned
about the righteous as well as the wicked. I include the wicked because Abraham ask God if He will spare the wicked for the righteous sake. It’s as if Abraham is a reflection of his Creator, he is becoming one with the Lord and the Lord is indeed abiding in him (John 15:4-5), he cares not only for the righteous but also for the wicked. God Himself wishes that
no one would perish but have everlasting life, and I believe
this is also the wish of Abraham.

Genesis-chapter 17

17

1.When Abram was ninety nine years old, the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am Almighty God; walk before Me and be blameless. 35:11; Deut. 18:13; 2 Kings 20:3

How God appeared to Abraham we are not told, but we do
know that from John 1:18 Abraham did not see God as he is. We do though have a hint as to How God may have appeared to Abraham by reading how God appeared to Moses on mount Sinai (Compare Exo 3:1-3). It has been approximately thirteen years since God last appeared and spoke to Abram. Why has there been such a long time since their first meeting? God doesn’t reveal this to us in his-story so one can only guess. Could it be that maybe God was testing Abram to see if he would keep the faith and stay true to Gods ways? There are other instances in the bible where certain people lost their faith in God and resorted to Baal worship and pagan practices because they may have felt that God had abandoned them. We don’t see this in Abrams case. Abram undoubtedly kept worshiping God and obeying Him, loving Him, and keeping remembrance of Him. When God approaches Abram for the first time in thirteen years or so He starts by reminding Abram That He (God) is all powerful, that is also to say “there is nothing He can’t do” it is to remind Abram who and what He is. And God tells him “walk before me” (be like Me and be blameless as I am Holy and without blame or sin). God is telling Abram “you can be like Me if you will indeed keep the faith and do as I say. There has only been one human who has ever walked this earth that lived His whole life blameless and without sin, that is our Lord and savior Jesus Christ, who, by His perfect life, was sacrificed once for all mans sin, that we all can share in the promises God will give Abram. Where God can look upon us all, blameless and without sin, a holy people, complete in all our being, and become part of Gods family and be able to walk uprightly as we enter into Gods kingdom. Just as Abram, through his faith, was found righteous in Gods eyes, we who have the faith of Abraham share in this promise (Gal 3:26-29).

2. “And I will make my covenant between Me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly.” 15:18
3 Then Abram fell on his face, and God talked with him saying:
4 “As for Me, behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be a father of many nations. Rom. 4:11, 12, 16

In my opinion, Because God has now found Abram to have passed this test that I spoke of earlier, that he can now expand on the covenant that he previously made with him and remind him of the promise that He (God) will multiply Abram and his seed exceedingly. Abram, in recognition of who God is, and out of respect, bows down before Him and gives honor to the Almighty One, in a show that he does and will indeed walk with God. Just a reminder to the reader here, a covenant is a contract between two parties who make a promise to one another to fulfill certain obligations with the other.

5 “No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you a father of many nations. Neh. 9:7

Abraham: (H85): אברהם: ‘abrâhâm
BDB Definition: Abraham = “father of a multitude” or “chief of multitude”
1) friend of God and founder of Hebrew nation via God’s elective covenant

I have purposely been calling Abraham by his birth name Abram throughout the course of my studies up until now. I do out of respect for God and His word. Up until now God called him Abram and his wife’s birth name of Sarai. Who am I to go against my fathers will? So, Now that God is changing their names I too will be calling the “father of faith” Abraham, and Sarai by her new name Sarah (in which we see God telling Abraham that this will be their new names). Bible scholars from the past to present pretty much agree as to the reason for this. With this in mind I will quote from the church that I attend which is The United Church of God; as to why the name change:

Up to Genesis 16 the Scriptures always use the birth names Abram, which means “Exalted Father,” and Sarai, meaning “Princess.” But, here in Genesis 17, God bestows new names on them. Abraham means “Father of a Multitude” and Sarah, while still retaining the sense of “Princess,” seems to mean one of an even higher station (e.g., it is derived from the same word translated “queen” in Isaiah 49:23). Interestingly, both new names differ from Abram and Sarai by the addition of one letter in the Hebrew—the letter He, pronounced, like the English H, as a breath of air, which is often a symbol of God’s Spirit. Though there may be no significance to this, becoming new persons and circumcision can both picture spiritual conversion. In any event, whether Abraham and Sarah received the indwelling of God’s Spirit at this particular time or not, we do know for certain that they did receive it at some point (compare 1 Peter 1:11)—for they will be in the Kingdom of God, and only the converted have that honor (Rom 8:9, 11).

6 “I will make you exceedingly fruitful; and I will make nations of you, and kings shall come from you.

◊7″And I will establish my covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you in their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and your descendants after you. 26:24; Ezek. 16:60

8″Also I give to you and your descendants after you the land in which you are a stranger, all the land of Canaan, as an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.” Ex. 6:7

This is the first time we see God include in His promise to Abraham that he will be the father of many nations and that Kings will come from his seed. Before this time all God told Abraham is that his descendants would as many as the stars in heaven and the sands of the earth. God also tells Abraham for the first time that this covenant between him and God includes his descendants forever and ever, (Which are the descendants of Isaac and Jacob), not Ishmael and his descendants. And the land in which Abraham now lives will be handed down from generation to generation for ever and ever, and that He who created all things, the Alpha and the Omega, the Great Elohim will be their God.
The fact that God has been reminding Abraham that he is a stranger in this land, and God reiterates this throughout the Bible; has lead me to think about this remark and brought me to this thought. Now mind you this is my opinion and I have not heard this preached at my church, or on any websites that I have gone to, or any commentaries I have read thus far, but I believe that all of Gods children that have ever lived, are now living, and those in the future who have the faith of Abraham, and God’s spirit, are in a world where we are strangers. Let me explain: God created the heavens and earth, and all things that were made, were made by Him. No matter where we live on this planet we had no hand in it’s creation. We did not create the herbs of the fields nor the trees of the forest. We did not create the animals or the creatures of the sea, or the birds of the air. We did not make the rock or the soil in which we use to make our skyscrapers and places of dwelling. We did not make the ore of the earth in which we use to make so many things. Not just that it was God who gave us the brain we use to come up with the inventions that man has made to make life easier and more enjoyable for us. We are all truly strangers in a land that God calls the dry land earth and the waters the seas. If you are a student of the bible then you are familiar with the saying that we who have been called and chosen are not of this world (John 17:14-16). We are told that one day, we will be joint Heirs with Christ, that God will give us all things. we are told that we will be like God, (mind you I said like God not God). He will always be the one true God and there will never be another. But with this in mind maybe, just maybe, that in Gods kingdom we will be able to create our own heavens and earth and there we will not be called strangers anymore. I once took my family far out in the country where we were far enough away from all the city lights. When the sun went down and it was totally dark we all laid down on the ground and looked up into the heavens (you see so many more stars without the city lights), and I gave them my opinion on what I think could be a part of our inheritance. This is just one mans vision of the Kingdom. I told them that I believe that God will give all those in his kingdom (His children), a planet that has our own personal name on it which we can create however we like, pro-create man in the image of God and have our own children and bring them up in the knowledge of the Lord, just as God did here on planet earth.

9 And God said to Abraham: “As for you you shall keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you throughout their generations. Ex. 19:5

The covenant here between Abraham and God is one that will be passed down from generation to generation. I have already explained in some part what the actions of a covenant represent when two parties enter into this pact. But now I feel it my duty to explain in great detail the Covenants that are strictly between God and man. Instead of me trying to put into my own words of that what is taught as doctrinal beliefs in the church I attend, I will instead just copy and paste certain portions of the doctrinal
papers that was approved by the council of elders for the United Church of God back in August of 2002. You can click on the link if you care to read our doctrinal beliefs in its entirety. Here now are excerpts from their doctrinal papers:

From Genesis to Revelation, there are numerous covenants God establishes with mankind. In the Scriptures, when a covenant is
made by God, it is in the context of instituting a positive, loving
relationship with the person or persons involved. Since all these
covenants were initiated by Him, they are consequently based on
His perfect and holy character. Each one reflects His love and
concern for man at different stages of human history. As James
states, “Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and
comes down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning” (James 1:17). This principle applies to God’s covenants as well. Therefore, it is important to note from the start that all of God’s covenants descend from Him and are always given for man’s benefit. They are based on the premises of love, grace, faith and obedience. Although the conditions of these different covenants would vary, being greatly
influenced by man’s decisions to obey or disobey God’s holy laws, the underlying loving principles of God’s covenants would remain the same.
Covenant Relationships At the heart of the biblical meaning of a covenant is the concept of God and man, or man and fellow man, forming a special relationship or bond. In that vein, the covenants of God formally declare His will and purpose in different situations. God’s covenants are an expression of His deep love for humanity and are major benchmarks along the way of His developing plan For all of humanity. They serve as a kind of divine constitution or ordinance governing human relations with Him.

10 “This is my covenant which you shall keep, between me
and you and your descendants after you: every male child
among you shall be circumcised;
11 “and you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your
foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me
and you. 9:13; Ex. 31:13, 17
12 “He who is eight days old among you shall be
circumcised, every male child in your generations, he who
is born in your house or bought with your money from any
foreigner who is not your descendant. Luke. 2:21
13 “He who is born in your house and he who is bought
with your money must be circumcised, and my covenant
shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
14 “And the uncircumcised male child, who is not
circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that person shall be
cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.”

Again I will refer to the doctrinal paper of the United Church of God to explain this special Covenant between not only Abraham (as we will see) but with his descendants (including Ishmael and his descendants) and for all mankind.

Through Abraham’s faith and obedience, God institutes a
special relationship not only with Abraham, but with his
descendants through Isaac and Jacob. Great promises
would be made to Abraham—the physical promises to him
and his descendants and the spiritual promises of God’s
grace to all humanity, through the promised Seed, Christ
(Genesis 22:18; Galatians 3:15-18). The sign of circumcision
is given as a new covenant relationship with Abraham’s
descendants through Isaac and Jacob. God told Abraham: “As for you, you shall keep My covenant, you and your descendants after you throughout their generations. This is My covenant which you shall keep, between Me and you and your descendants after you: Every male child
Among you shall be circumcised” (Gen 17:9-10). Though also included later in the covenant.

THE COVENANTS OF GOD
Doctrinal Paper
Page 7
Approved August 2002
At Sinai (Leviticus 12:3), circumcision was originally introduced as a token of covenantal responsibilities for all of Abraham’s descendants, not just for the nations of Israel and Judah. It came into existence as a token of covenant responsibility, not as a badge of national superiority, as it was later misrepresented in Judaism. One interesting fact we learn about Abraham is that he kept God’s law. Notice Genesis 26:5: “Because Abraham obeyed My voice and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes and My laws.” Interestingly, in the midst of a narrative book, we read a comment that indicates clearly that Abraham kept the laws of God, and that those laws, though yet to be codified for the nation of Israel, were in existence well before Sinai. Thus we see that Abraham, referred to as the “father of the faithful” in the New Testament, was one who kept the commandments of God.

The United Church of God references The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, and its comment on Genesis 26:5:

The Lord then added a remarkable note: Abraham “kept my requirements [mismarti], my commands [miswotay], my decrees [huqqotay] and my laws [wetorotay]” (v. 5). It is remarkable that this is precisely the way in which obedience to the Sinai covenant is expressed in Deuteronomy 11:1: “Love the LORD your God and keep his requirements [mismarto], his decrees [huqqotayw], his laws [mispatayw] and his commands [miswotayw]”…. Thus Abraham is an example of one who shows the law written on his heart (Jeremiah 31:33). He is the writer’s ultimate example of true obedience to the law, the one about whom the Lord could say, “Abraham obeyed me” (v. 5). Thus, by showing Abraham to be an example of “keeping the law,” the writer has shown the nature of the relationship between the law and faith. Abraham, a man who lived in faith, could be described as one who kept the law (Vol. 2, pp. 186-187). As a result of this covenant, God promised Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan. From a small family, the 12 descendants of Jacob would become 12 tribes and Joseph’s descendants would eventually become a great nation and a company of nations (Gen 48:19).

15 Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you
shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name

Sarai, (H8297): שׂרי: śâray;
BDB Definition: Sarai = “princess” 1)original name of Sarah the wife of Abram or Abraham

Sarah, (H8283): שׂרי: śârâh; BDB Definition: Sarah = “noblewoman”
1) wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac

16 “And I will bless her and also give you a son by her;
then I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations;
kings of peoples shall be from her.” v. 6; 35:11

When we look at the distinction of the meanings of the two
names we can see why God changed Sarai’s name to Sarah.
It wasn’t up until this time that Sarah was blessed by God.
The name Sarai is of a lower statue than that of Sarah.
“Sarah” meaning noblewoman can also be interpreted to
mean Queen. The United Church of God explains it this
way:

Genesis 17 also records the renaming of Abram and Sarai.
Up to Genesis 16 the Scriptures always use the birth names
Abram, which means “Exalted Father,” and Sarai, meaning
“Princess.” But, here in Genesis 17, God bestows new names
on them. Abraham means “Father of a Multitude” and
Sarah, while still retaining the sense of “Princess,” seems to
mean one of an even higher station (e.g., it is derived from
the same word translated “queen” in Isaiah 49:23).
Interestingly, both new names differ from Abram and Sarai
by the addition of one letter in the Hebrew—the letter He,
pronounced, like the English H, as a breath of air, which is
often a symbol of God’s Spirit.

17 Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said in
his heart, “Shall a child be born to a man who is one hundred
years old? And shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a
child?” v. 1

God knows the hearts of man, we don’t have to speak out in order for God to know what we are feeling inside. Abraham does not speak aloud but in his mind and his heart he thinks to himself that he and Sarah are way beyond their years to bear children. I’ve read some commentaries that
say that Abraham’s laughter was that of joy and not mockery which I can see where they get that, but I would carry that one step further and say that in my opinion his laughter is one of an enlightenment of what God had planned all along, let me see if I can explain myself: it’s like Abraham is thinking to himself “ha ha ha, I get it now, when you said I would be blessed and have many descendants you intended for this blessing to include Sarah; the woman I love, okay, ha ha ha, how could I have been so blind?”
The other thing I would like to point out here is the similarity between the birth of Isaac and that of Jesus Christ. Just as it would seem impossible for Sarah to have a child at her age so to was our Lord born of a virgin never having slept with a man. There is nothing that God can’t do. This isn’t the only similarity between these two men as we will see Later on in genesis chapter 22.

18 And Abraham said to God, “Oh, that Ishmael might live before you!”

Even though Ishmael is not of Sarah s’ seed he is still Abraham s’ own flesh and blood and he loves him dearly. So he pleads to God to pass this covenant onto Ishmael.

◊19 Then God said: “No, Sarah your wife shall bear you a
son, and you shall call his name Isaac; I will establish my
covenant with him for an everlasting covenant and with his
descendants after him. 21:2

Isaac, (H3327): יצחק: yitschâq
BDB Definition: Isaac = “he laughs”
1) son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

God has to reiterate to Abraham that the covenant he
makes with Abraham is to be through the seed of Sarah and
not with the mother of Ishmael.

20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold I have
blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply
him exceedingly. He shall beget twelve princes, and I will
make him a great nation. 16: 10-12
21 “But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom
Sarah shall bear to you at this set time next year.”
22 Then he finished talking with him, and God went up
from Abraham.

God assures Abraham that he has not forgotten about
Ishmael and that he (Ishmael) is a part of the blessing as far
as the blessing to Abraham being the father of many
nations. Ismael’s seed will be abundant and the nation
that comes out of his seed will be only one of the many
nations that God promises to Abraham. We notice here that
Ishmael s seed will be made up of twelve princes. We can
find the names of these twelve princes in Genesis chapter
25:13-15. one other thing I think worth mentioning is that
when we look at the blessings between Hagar and Sarah we
find the differences between them: first Hagar s name stays
the same and her son will bear 12 princes of only one
nation, whereas Sarai s name was changed to Sarah which
as I showed previously means noblewoman, and that she is
to be a mother of many nations and kings. So Ishmael is
not forgotten by God nor are his descendants to this day.
In my opinion this one nation is the nation of Islam (as it is known today). Also we see here in this prophecy that God does not forget The covenant he establishes with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; this covenant in verse 21. so God finishes Talking with Abraham and he ascends back to His throne which is in heaven. But this will not be the last time in which God speaks to Abraham.

23 So Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house and all who were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskins that very same day, as God had said to him.
24 Abraham was ninety- nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. Rom. 4:10

25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
26 That very same day Abraham was circumcised, and his son Ishmael;
27 and all the men of his house, born in the house or bought with money from a foreigner were circumcised with him.

Abraham does as God commanded him and not only circumcises himself but also his son Ishmael, and all the men that are in his household. This shows to me the faith that Abraham has in God: think of it; to be circumcised at that age without modern pain medication or anything must have been very hard to go through. It probably took weeks for him to heal completely and get back on his feet. Imagine having to urinate, and the thought that every time you did the pain you were going to have to endure. It took tremendous faith on Abraham s part to carry through with this covenant. I must also bring the reader to the attention that Ishmael (Father of the Arab speaking people and the Islamic nation) was circumcised and this practice has carried on to this day in the Islamic nation. We must consider this as we think about how evil the Islamic nation has become. We must remind ourselves (the Christian people) that God loves the Islamic nation (for they are his children also) and one day he will open their eyes and take that hatred they have for the Israelite nation out of their hearts and they will be reconciled with their brothers and sisters of the Israelite nation and we will all be a part of Gods family as it was preordained from the beginning of time.
The fact that even those who were not of Hebrew descent were also circumcised is to me a foreshadow of the fact that we are all grafted into Gods family those of us who have the faith of Abraham. Some of those men that are mentioned as being of Abraham s house are bought from foreigners (which means that these men were from another tribe other than the Hebrews), this could be a foreshadow of things to come as mentioned in Romans chapter four (Compare Rom 4:8-25). One last thing to note here before I close out this chapter and that is about the circumcision and when it was to be performed after the birth. Every male child is to be circumcised on the eighth day. It is not until the eighth day of birth that the clotting of blood is at its peak and it is therefore safe for the newborn to be circumcised after the seventh day. This was not known to Abraham at this time and was not known to man period, until thousands of years later. This however was known to God, for He created man.

Genesis-chapter 16

16

1. Now Sarai, Abram’s wife, had born him no children. And
she had an Egyptian maidservant whose name was Hagar. 11:30; 15:2; 21:2
2 So Sarai said to Abram, “See now, the Lord has
restrained me from bearing children. Please, go in to my maid; perhaps I shall obtain children by her.” And Abram
heeded the voice of Sarai. 3:17; 30:3

This is the second time we see mention the fact that Sarai
has not had any children. The first mention of this is back
in Gen 11:30 when God first appeared to Abram and called
him out of the land of the Chaldeans. The promise that God
gives to Abram about his descendants on those occasions
never mentions that his descendants would come from his
wife Sarai (Compare Gen 12:7, 13:14-16, 15:1-5). Not once is Abram’s wife Sarai, nor her seed, or out of her bowels mentioned in this promise. As was the custom of those days if a woman was barren, and if she had sisters, it was the duty of the sister to give the husband a child.
(a male child preferably), since Sarai has no relatives with her then the next in line could be that of a bondwoman (who in those days were treated as family and not as a slave as we define slavery today). Hence we are introduced to Hagar. Sarai was well in her seventies at this time and
beyond her time of conceiving children. This is not Scriptural, but in my opinion, human nature being what it is, led Sarai to come to the conclusion that it would not be through her womb in which the promise would be fulfilled. And we see that Abram listened to Sarai and was convinced by her that his descendants would not be through her. This
takes me back to the Garden where Adam heeded the voice of Eve and Eve convinced him to eat of the forbidden fruit. We know what the outcome of that was, and mankind is still paying the penalty for that decision. The same could be said of Abram and Sarai for this decision to have Hagar
conceive through Abram. Think about it; If Abram had not heeded the voice of Sarai and let nature (or God that is), work it out for them, we would not have all the strife going on in the mid-east as we do today and for that matter throughout history. We must remember that it is through
Hagar that the Arab people came to fruition along with Mohammedanism and Islam. It is my belief that it is divine providence that is being played out here. For those who do not understand what I mean hear let me give the definition according to the Webster dictionary:

Providence 1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application.

2. In theology, the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. He that acknowledges a creation and denies a providence, involves himself in a palpable contradiction; for the same power which caused a thing to exist is necessary to continue its existence. Some persons admit a general providence, but deny a particular providence, not
considering that a general providence consists of particulars. A belief in divine providence, is a source of great consolation to good men. By divine providence is often understood God himself.

3 Then Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar her maid, the Egyptian, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan.

4 So he went in to Hagar, and she conceived, her mistress
became despised in her eyes.

Abram could not lie with Hagar to conceive a child unless they were married, according to the customs of the time. So in essence Hagar became a second wife to Abram. In my opinion The marriage between Abram and Hagar was Sarai’s and Abram’s way of rationalizing the legitimacy of Abram sleeping with another woman. Now when Hagar
became pregnant she became hostile towards Sarai (Abrams legitimate wife in Gods eyes), and the one whom Abram loved. We see the same story played out in the book of Samuel between Hannah and Peninnah the two wives of Elkanah ( 1 Sam 1:1-7). I would like to point out here that in both instances (and also in other same circumstances in the bible), that it is the
Woman whom Both Abram and Elkanah loved the dearest that God recognizes as the legitimate lineage leading to the birth of our Lord and savior Jesus Christ. For God knows the hearts of men and respects the love aspect of it (if you Will). For God Is Love.

5 Then Sarai said to Abram, “My wrong be upon you! I gave
my maid into your embrace; and when she saw that she had
conceived, I became despised in her eyes. The Lord judge
between you and me.” 31:53

The first thing that comes to mind for me is Genesis
chapter two (Gen 2:23-24). It does not say that man shall cleave to his wives (plural), but to his wife (singular), There will never be peace in the
house when there are two women vying for the affections of one man. God never intended that the bond between man and woman to be anything but one man and one woman, PERIOD! The relationship between Sarai and Hagar, and also between Hannah and Peninnah are two good examples of what can happen in this kind of relationship. Notice the oxymoron being played here by Sarai: she acknowledges that she was in the wrong for allowing this marriage between Abram and Hagar, yet in the same sentence she says to Abram, “The Lord judge between you and me” and attempts to put the blame on Abram for this mess. I can’t help but think of Adam’s response to God when He asked him if he had eaten of the tree of knowledge of good and evil (Gen 3:12). If only Sarai and Abram would have just gone to God for his guidance before it came to this then this strife could have been avoided. But like I said previously I believe that
this was Gods will all along.

6 So Abram said to Sarai, “Indeed your maid is in your
hand; do to her as you please.” And when Sarai dealt
harshly with her, she fled from her presence. 1 Pet. 3:7

In my opinion, because Abram loved Sarai deeply, in
order for her to feel assured that she was Abram’s one and
only true love, that Abram reminds Sarai That Hagar
belongs to her, and for her to do as she pleases with Hagar
even though she is carrying Abrams child. I can just
imagine that leading up to this Hagar was probably
planting a seed in Sarai’s mind that Abram loved her more
than Sarai because she was carrying Abram’s offspring. So
Abram had to do something of significance in order to
prove his love for her. Apparently in Sarai’s Jealous rage
(as we say today), she was very cruel to Hagar, so much so
that Hagar was put in her place to where there was no
doubt who Abram loved the most and that she could not go
to him for help. Hagar felt that her only recourse was to
leave from their presence.

7 Now the Angel of the Lord found her by a spring of water
in the wilderness, by the spring on the way to Shur.
21:17, 18; 22:11, 15; Judges 6:11

Abram’s encampment at this time was just north of
Jerusalem, and Shur is in where we call today the Sinai
peninsula. With this in mind we can conclude that Hagar
was headed back to Egypt. This is also the first time that an
Angel is revealed to us by God.

8 And He said, “Hagar, Sarai’s maid, where have you come from and where are you going?” She said, “I am fleeing from the presence of my mistress Sarai.”

The question posed to Hagar is rhetorical in nature as far as
asking her where she came from; I say this because in the
beginning of the question the Angel identifies her as Sarai’s
maid. Now Hagar, having been living with Abram and Sarai
for years now is familiar with the God of Abram and
therefore probably realizes that the person who has
appeared to her is some kind messenger of God because of
the fact that He knows who she is: The Angel calls her by
name, and mentions Sarai in the same sentence. I also
believe that another reason Hagar accepts this person as a
messenger of God is because when you are in the presence
of the Lord, or the Holy Spirit, or God Himself there is a
sense of peace and tranquility deep in your soul that can
only be felt when your in the presence of the Lord, and you
just know that you know. It’s hard to explain what i’m
trying to say here so please excuse me for my lack of a good
vocabulary.

9 The Angel of the Lord said to her, “Return to your
mistress, and submit yourself under her hand.”

The Lord commands Hagar to return to Sarai, and then
in a kind of prophetic nature He tells her to submit to
Sarai. I say prophetic in the sense that when we go back to
the time of Noah in chapter nine this is where the curse of
the sons of Ham begins (Compare Gen 9:22-25). The sons of of Ham include both Mizraim (which settled in Egypt), and Canaan(which is the land where Ishmael and his descendants settle), Remember, Hagar is an Egyptian.

10 Then the Angel of the Lord said to her, “I will multiply
your descendants exceedingly, so that they shall not be
counted for multitude.”

This blessing being given to Hagar here is also a partial fulfillment of the blessing given to Abram. Like I had said previously, when God told Abram that his descendants would number as much as the stars above and the sands of the earth that God never mentioned Sarai in these blessings, in my opinion this is just another reason why God excluded Sarai in this blessing. Again divine providence, God already foreknew that Hagar would be a part of this blessing to Abram. Again I would like to remind the reader here that, in my opinion, Hagar is familiar with the God of Abram and it’s probably a very good guess that Hagar knows of the promise given to Abram. So with the Angel of the Lord telling Hagar the fate of her own
descendants she has probably come to the realization that she and the child she is carrying is part of the blessings of Abram.

11 And the Angel of the Lord said to her:

“Behold, you are with child,
And you shall bear a son.
You shall call his name
Ishmael
Because the Lord has heard
your affliction.

Ishmael.(h3485) ישׁמעאל yishmâ‛ê’l
BDB Definition: Ishmael = “God will hear”
1) son of Abraham and Sarah’s handmaid Hagar and the progenitor of the Arabian peoples

This is the first time in the bible where God names a child
before it is born. To me this is more proof to my theory
that the circumstances that lead to the birth of Ishmael is
through divine providence. God had this planned out all
along. This also further proof that Life begins at conception
in Gods eyes and therefore is precious to him. I make this
statement aimed at all those who would kill a child in the
womb and claim that it is not yet a breathing living being.
God knew every living being before they were even born (Isa 44:24, Jer 1:4-5).

12 He shall be a wild man;
His hand shall be against
every man, 21:20, 21
And every man’s hand against
him. 25:17, 18
And he shall dwell in the
presence of all his brethren.”

Verse eleven and twelve are prophetic also and part of the
curse of Canaan from the time of Noah. If one was to read
the history of the people who have lived in the territories
(mainly the Arab people), of the descendants of Ishmael
you can see the similarities of this prophecy being fulfilled.

13 Then she called the name of the Lord who spoke to her,
You-Are-the-God-Who-Sees; for she said, “Have I also here
seen Him who sees me?”
14 Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi, observe, it is between Kadesh and Bered. 24:62; 25:11

Beer Lahai Roi,”(H883): בּאר לחי ראי: be’êr lȧchay rô’ı̂y
BDB Definition: Beer-lahai-roi = “well of the Living One seeing me”
1) a well west of Kadesh, south of Israel

One of the conclusions we must come to in verses seven
through fourteen is that the Angel of the Lord who
appeared to Hagar is none other than Jesus Christ. This
understanding of who the Angel of the Lord is, is summed
up in a couple of bible commentaries. The first commentary
comes from the Mathews Henry’s concise commentary:

The declaration of the Angel, “I will,” shows this Angel was the eternal Word and Son of God.

The second commentary I would like to quote from is the
Adam Clarke’s commentary:

I will multiply thy seed exceedingly – Who says this? The person who is called the Angel of the Lord; and he certainly speaks with all the authority which is proper to God.

The last comment I want to make here is in regards to verse
fourteen. The reader is told to observe the location in which
the Angel of the Lord appeared to God. This just happens to be the place where Abram’s son Isaac settles (Compare Gen 24:62, 25:11).

15 So Hagar bore Abram a son; and Abram named his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael. 21:2; Gal. 4:22-31

We see here that Hagar obeyed the voice of the Angel of the Lord and went back to Sarai and Abram, and submitted herself to Sarai. We are told here that it is Abram who named his son and not Hagar or Sarai. This would lead the reader to assume that Hagar must have told Sarai and
Abram about her encounter with the Angel at the well called Beer Lahai Roi, and what was instructed of her and what to name the child. If Abram was visited by this Angel of the Lord then would not God have revealed this to the reader?

16 Abram was eighty six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.

This would mean that Ishmael was born in the year 2104 AC. (after creation) according to my charts and my studies on the subject of the genealogy of Jesus.

Genesis-chapter 15

15

1. After these things the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your exceedingly great reward.” Ps. 28:7

God visits Abram in a vision, I believe that this vision comes in the form of a dream. I say this because in verse five we are told that the Lord brings Abram outside to number the stars. So, Abram was in his abode and apparently it was night because the stars are out for Abram to see. One thing I would like to mention here also is this; we see throughout the scriptures that when God appears to the patriarchs and prophets of the bible, his first words are, “Do not be afraid” these are words of comfort that are meant to take away any fear that the person is feeling from being in the presence of the Lord. God tells Abram I am your protector (shield), and through Me you will be rewarded for your faithfulness; not just any reward but an “exceedingly great reward”, not only is God telling Abram something even more profound; He is saying to Abram that even though he will have all this land, and that his descendants shall be to great to number, as great as that sounds, there is no greater reward than to have a relationship with God the Father. This should be the goal of all mankind. We should find that which was lost at the Garden (Matt 11:28).

2 But Abram said, “Lord God, what will you give me, seeing I go childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?” 11:30; 16:1
3 Then Abram said, “Look, you have given me no offspring; indeed one born in my house is my heir!”

Abram answers back; What will my reward be? He is saying Lord, you promised me that I would inherit all this land not only for me but for my descendants (Compare Gen 13:14-16). “Yet I have no children of my own blood who would be my heir. According to our customs: Eliezer of Damascus is my sole heir.” Eliezer is probably a servant in Abrams house and is also probably the first male born in his house.

4 And behold, the word of the Lord came to him saying, “This one shall not be your heir, but one who will come from your own body shall be your heir.” 2 Sam. 7:12

God Answers back to Abram telling him that his heir shall be from his own flesh and blood.

5 Then he brought him outside and said, “Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.” And he said to him, “So shall your descendants be.”

Then the Lord took Abram out from inside his house and said to, “Look at all the stars in the heavens, count them if you can (which no one can count the stars because there are so many), this is Gods point, His descendants will be so great that no man can count them all.

6 And he believed in the Lord, and He accounted it to him for righteousness. Rom. 4:3; Gal. 3:6; James 2:23

Abram believed what God had promised, and because of his belief in what God had promised him The Lord Judged Abram and found him to be righteous (without guilt).

7 Then He said to him, “I am the Lord, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to inherit it.”
12:1, 2;Ps. 105:42, 44

God is reminding Abram who He is. He is basically saying” “I am the same God who spoke to you when you lived in the land of Ur, I promised you back then that I would give you this land, and I am the one true God who does not, and cannot lie.” (Gen 12:1-2)

8 he said, “Lord how shall I know that I will inherit it?”

Abram still wants to know how he will be sure if he inherits
the land. Because of what I read in verse six of this chapter,
I must conclude that it is not Abram’s weakness of faith that
is being revealed here, I believe it is a matter of him not
being alive long enough to see his heirs number in such a
great multitude as that of the stars in heaven. Another
side of this could be the telling of the relationship that
Abram has with God. Abram has such a close relationship
with the father that he feels comfortable enough to ask God
for some kind of sign to assure him of this promise. We see
this kind of relationship with Abram and God when God
tells Abram that he is going to destroy Sodom and
Gomorrah, And Abram keeps bargaining with God in
regards to the salvation of the people (Compare Gen 18:23-32). Abram and God are developing a true Father son relationship to such a degree that Abram can express his true feelings (from the heart) to God and God knows that there is nothing unrighteous about how he feels inside. God knows what’s in a mans heart and He sees nothing but pureness In Abrams heart. Abram felt compassion for his fellow man,not just for the righteous but also for the wicked. Abram must have been a remarkable man (Compare Heb 4:12).

9 So He said to him, “Bring me a three-year old heifer, a
three-year old female goat, a three-year old ram, a
turtledove, and a young pigeon.”

This is the third recording of the scriptures where sacrifices
are being offered to God in this manner. The first recording
of this type of sacrifice (on a much smaller scale) is the
offerings in Gen 4:3-5 where Abel and Cain bring up an
offering to the Lord. The reason I say “on a much smaller
scale” is because this is not considered to be a covenant
between the three. As opposed to Noah and Abram which
God says are covenants between them. I will go a little more
into detail about these covenants when I get to Gen 15:18.
However I would like to copy an excerpt from the
Matthews Henry concise commentary in regards to why
these certain animals were chosen here. It reads as follows:

Those who could not offer a bullock, were to bring a sheep or a goat; and those who were not able to do that, were accepted of God, if they brought a turtle-dove, or a pigeon. Those creatures were chosen for sacrifice which were mild, and gentle, and harmless; to show the innocence and meekness that were in Christ, and that should be in Christians.

I would also like to add one more commentary; this one
being from Adam Clarke’s commentary on the bible. He
explains verse ten this way:

It is worthy of remark, that every animal allowed or commanded to be sacrificed under the Mosaic law is to be found in this list. And is it not a proof that God was now giving to Abram an epitome of that law and its sacrifices which he intended more fully to reveal to Moses; the essence of which consisted in its sacrifices, which typified the Lamb of God that
takes away the sin of the world?

There is also something else here that I would like to point
out to whoever reads this, and that is the age of the animals
to be sacrificed here (three years of age): which is the total
number of years that our Lord Jesus Christ ministered here
on earth. To me personally this is more proof that the bible
is God breathed. We see these kinds of simile’s over and
over throughout the bible.

10 Then he brought all these to Him and cut them in two,
down the middle, and placed each piece opposite the other;
but he did not cut the birds in two. Lev. 1:17

Again, I would like to refer to Adam Clarke’s commentary
on the symbolism/ceremonies of the way in which these
animals were sacrificed (Seeing as I too am learning about
this aspect of God and his ways), God is preparing Abram
for a covenant which the two are about to make.

Rabbi Solomon Jarchi says, “It was a custom with those who entered into covenant with each other to take a heifer and cut it in two, and then the contracting parties passed between
the pieces.”

Adam Clarke’s commentary in Jeremiah 34:18 goes into
more detail on this subject. It reads as follows:

When they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof – This was the ancient and most solemn way of making a covenant.
1. A calf as sacrifice was offered to God to secure his approbation and support.
2. The victim was then exactly divided from the nose to the rump; the spinal marrow being divided longitudinally, in the most careful manner, that the half of it might remain on each side.
3. These divided parts were laid opposite to each other, a passage being left between them.
4. The contracting parties entered this passage at each end, met in the middle, and there took the covenant oath; adjudging themselves to death should they break this covenant.
5. Then they both feasted on the victim. In reference to this last circumstance, God says he will give their bodies for meat to the fowls of heaven and to the beasts. This is a farther conformity between the crime and the punishment.

Let us again go to Adam Clarke’s commentary for his explanation on the difference in which the way the birds were to be offered up:

On the several animals which God ordered Abram to take, Rabbi Jarchi remarks: “The idolatrous nations are compared in the Scriptures to bulls, rams, and goats; for it is written, Psa 22:12: Many bulls have compassed me about. Dan 8:20: The ram which thou hast seen is the king of Persia. The rough goat is the king of Greece. Dan 8:21. But the Israelites are compared to doves, etc.; Son 2:14: “O my dove, that art in the cleft of the rock. The division of the above carcasses denotes the division and extermination of the idolatrous nations; but the birds not being divided, shows that the Israelites are to abide for ever.” See Jarchi on the place.

I know that to many who first read this may think to themselves “how primitive” but one must remember a couple things. These sacrifices were in fact the customs of the day and therefore was a part of life that didn’t seem out of the ordinary. Also we must understand God’s purpose and what his grand design for mankind is. Back then the people were as they say not yet ready for the solid meat of Gods word. Man had to learn (and still is learning) our purpose and how God is working with us to get to where He wants us to be. Man has to learn that there is a blood sacrifice required for sin. If God were to have Sacrificed his only begotten at Abrams time for mankind, people would have been dumbfounded, not understanding why, God himself (through His Word-Jesus Christ), with all His Holiness, being a Spirit being, become a man and die for our sins. These animal sacrifices all point to Jesus Christ as our one true, pure sacrifice, born without sin to die for our sins. Jesus is the only perfect sacrifice that God will accept for mans iniquities. This is what God is teaching us, who live in today’s time, to understand and accept. And now this brings us to the next verse, that we may understand.

11 And when the vultures came down on the carcasses,
Abram drove them away.

I will again go to Adam Clarke’s commentary for this verse
and copy some passages he uses to support his comments:

For whatever purpose a covenant was made, it was ever ratified by a sacrifice offered to God; and the passing between the divided parts of the victim appears to have signified that each agreed, if they broke their engagements, to submit to the punishment of being cut asunder; which we find from Mat 24:51; Luk 12:46, was an ancient mode of punishment.

Adam Clark goes on to say the following:

And when the fowls (birds of prey), came down upon the carcasses to devour them, Abram, who stood by his sacrifice waiting for the manifestation of God, who had ordered him to prepare for the ratification of the covenant, drove them away, that they might neither pollute nor devour what had been thus consecrated to God.

After studying this verse and meditating on it a bit I would like to add my thoughts on this; in my opinion, the vultures represent Satan and his demons who try to corrupt and defile that which is sacred to God. Even though this offering to God is not a representation of a sin offering, or peace offering, or any offerings made to God, for remission for us; all the animals and bird that are listed here are still a representation of our Lord Jesus Christ. Just as Jesus was brought into this world to be the perfect offering to God, Satan immediately tried to devour Him at his birth (by Herod’s decree to kill all the young males two years and younger), to Satan tempting Jesus in the wilderness after he received the Holy Spirit from God. And also, just as Abram drove away these vultures so to did Jesus when he commanded Satan while in the wilderness (Matt 4:10). We to, like Abram should always be alert like the watchman on the tower, and not let Satan devour and defile our christian beliefs and practices.

12 Now when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and behold, horror and great darkness fell upon him. 28:11

Strongs definition: Horror: (H367) From the same as H366; fright; concretely an idol (as a bugbear): – dread. fear, horror, idol, terrible, terror.

Darkness:(H2825)From H2821; darkness; figuratively misery: – darkness.

Abram stayed all day guarding his sacrifices to God and now it was almost sunset and he grew weary and went into a deep sleep. The horror that fell upon Abram was probably the fact that in verse thirteen God reveals to him that his descendants would suffer tremendously, which in turn would account for why he felt horror, and fear, and misery. Imagine if God almighty himself came to you one night and you were told that your children, and your children children, and so on and so forth were going to suffer greatly. As a father that would be one of the worst things you could ever imagine.

13 Then He said to Abram: “Know certainly that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them, and they will afflict them four hundred years.

There seems to be differing opinions as to when the countdown started the four hundred years of affliction upon Abrams seed. In Adam Clarke’s commentary on this verse, though he does give his own opinion, he also states what the beliefs are of some scholars up to his time. These opinions according to Mr. Clarke are as follows:

In former times most people counted by generations, to each of which was assigned a term of years amounting to 20, 25, 30, 33, 100, 108, or 110; for the generation was of various lengths among various people, at different times. It is probable that the fourth generation mentioned in verse 16 means the same as the four hundred years in the preceding verse. Some think it refers to the time when Eleazar, the son of Aaron, the son of Amram, the son of Kohath, came out of Egypt, and divided the land of Canaan to Israel, Jos_14:1. Others think the fourth generation of the Amorites is intended, because it is immediately added.

I wrote a Rabbi who belongs to the Chabad.org website which if you remember I mentioned in my devotional quality portion in the beginning of my book as a source of inspiration for my studies. The following is the response I got from Rabbi Chein explains the four hundred years of affliction in Egypt in terms of Generations of descendants of Abram in this way:

The descendants of Abraham were exiled to Egypt when Jacob descended along with his children and grandchildren. The four generations are counted from those who were exiled. For example, Jacob’s son Judah, his grandson Peretz, and his great-grandson Hezron are three generations, and Caleb, son of Hezron, the fourth generation, returned to the land of Israel. Kehot, son of Levi, was among the exiles, as was his son Amram and his grandchildren Moses and Aaron, and their children, the fourth generation, entered Israel.

Then there is the opinion of the church I belong to which say’s that it appears to begin at the death of Abraham, but they do not give an explanation (which is something I will go over with my pastor during our next meeting. I will though for now copy what the United Church of Gods comments are on this subject:

God promised multitudinous descendants to Abram, but He also promised that they would be enslaved for a period of time before being delivered with great wealth. The period of 400 years mentioned in verse 13 is not the period of their slavery. Biblical chronology indicates that Israel was enslaved for just over 200 years. The 400 years appear to date from Abraham’s death to Israel’s possession of the Promised Land (though there are other possibilities).

The church of God does say that there are other possibilities but they do not elaborate on the possibilities.

14 “And also the nation whom they serve I will judge; afterward they shall come out with great possessions.
15 “Now as for you, you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried at a good old age. 25:8
16 “But in the fourth generation they shall return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.” Ex 12:40,41 Num. 32:33,39

Everything else that is commented on verses 14-16 seem to be universal and in agreement with the beliefs that are commented on from the United Church of God commentary:

But why was there to be a delay in Israel’s possessing the land and servitude to a foreign nation? One reason is expressly stated. God says that the iniquity of the Amorites, who dwelt in Canaan, was not yet full—meaning that God was extending mercy to them, allowing them time to repent. God deals justly with all people, and He often delays punishment until the situation shows no hope of betterment. But another reason for the delay and servitude was probably to condition Israel. If Israel had developed in the land, unmolested, they may have acquired a general disposition of rejecting any dealings with God whatsoever—”Who needs God if everything is fine,” human reasoning says. But by allowing Israel to be enslaved, they would be humbled and willing to listen. Though they ultimately displeased God by rebelling against Him, they undoubtedly went further in serving Him than they otherwise would have. As God told Paul, in weakness we can be made strong (2 Corinthians 12:9; compare Hebrews 11:34). Additionally, if Israel would be taken out of slavery and made great, the credit for the greatness would more obviously be God’s.

I would like to add my own opinion here as far as why God did what he did here. I also must say here that I get this opinion from something that my pastor just commented on in his last sermon that was just given on June 27, 2015 and it has to do with the reason for prophecy. In his sermon he was telling us the purpose of prophecy and that there were two reasons for them:

“The two purposes of prophecy is one, to show God’s
greatness, and number two is to give us hope.” Lets take a
look in the book of Isaiah to see what God says (Isa 46:8-10).

So with this in mind I believe one of the purposes for what
God is doing to Israel is a lessen for all mankind, (with
Israel being used as the example), that when God tells the
future even before it has come to pass, helps prove his
existence and his power. Also in this same vision God is
giving to Abram, he is giving hope to him by telling him that
his people will return to this land promised to Abram, with
great possessions.

17 And it came to pass, when the sun went down and it was dark, that behold appeared a smoking oven and a burning torch that passed between those pieces. Jer. 34:18,19

18 On the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram saying:
“To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates- Josh. 1:4
19 “the Kenites, the kennezzites, the Kadmonites,
20 “The Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, Deut. 7:1
21 The Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the
Jebusites.”

As mentioned in my previous comments in Genesis 9:1-17 in
regards to offerings and covenants we now see the beginning of
Abrahamic covenant. unlike most covenants between two people where they both would pass through carcasses, in essence saying that if either one of them would break the covenant, the splitting of the carcasses would represent what would happen to the person who broke the
covenant. The requirements of this covenant only pertains
to God. Abram does not have to do anything on his part in
order for God to fulfill his promise to him, unlike the
Mosaic covenant whereas God puts certain conditions on
the Hebrews in order for them to obtain the promises that
God gave them. In the mosaic Covenant God told the
people of Israel that he would give them all these blessings,
if they would in turn keep their end of the bargain (so to
speak). Abram did not have to do anything on his part in
order to obtain this blessing (covenant) from God. In my
opinion, the reason Abram didn’t have to do anything on
his part is because of what is said verse’s 4-6 (Gen 15:4-6). Abram, because of his faith has already found favor in Gods
eyes. Not only that but God didn’t even have to show
wonders and miracles in order for Abram to have faith in
Him. Whereas the Mosaic covenant is made to a whole
nation and not just one man. The Hebrews have already
shown that they have little faith and have rebelled and
complained against God and Moses after seeing all the
wonders that God did for them. The Hebrew people
have to prove themselves to God, (which unfortunately they
have failed miserably in that department). Not to say that
the Israelite people have the market cornered in that
aspect. Mankind (me included) have failed in so many ways
when it comes to being a Believer, and we struggle daily to
be the kind of children that God wants us to be. As Paul
said in Romans 7:24 “O wretched man that I am, who shall
deliver me from from the body of this death.”
One other point I would like to make here, to all the
people who call the Israelites “occupiers” in the land of
Israel today either haven’t read their bible, or choose to
ignore this part of the bible out of their hatred for the
people of Israel. And in all reality the land of Israel belongs
to God who decided long ago that he would give this land
to the children of Abraham and confirmed through Isaac,
the son of Abram and Jacob, son of Isaac.